#1
Which psychological phenomenon involves the urge to engage in a behavior despite knowing its negative consequences?
Temptation
ExplanationTemptation is the psychological urge to engage in a behavior despite awareness of its negative consequences.
#2
What term describes the deliberate and often deceptive attempt to influence or control others' behavior?
Persuasion
ExplanationPersuasion is the deliberate and often deceptive attempt to influence or control others' behavior.
#3
Which of the following factors can increase susceptibility to manipulation?
Low emotional intelligence
ExplanationLow emotional intelligence increases susceptibility to manipulation.
#4
In the context of temptation, what is 'gratification delay'?
The postponement of pleasure for a greater reward
ExplanationGratification delay in temptation refers to postponing pleasure for a greater reward.
#5
What is the term for the manipulation tactic that involves gradually escalating demands or requests?
Foot-in-the-door technique
ExplanationFoot-in-the-door technique is a manipulation tactic involving gradually escalating demands or requests.
#6
Which theory of motivation suggests that people are driven by the desire to fulfill physiological, safety, love/belonging, esteem, and self-actualization needs, in that order?
Hierarchy of needs
ExplanationHierarchy of needs theory suggests people are motivated by fulfilling needs in a hierarchical order.
#7
What term describes the tendency for people to be more influenced by a small favor from someone they like than by a large favor from someone they dislike?
Reciprocity
ExplanationReciprocity is the tendency to be more influenced by a small favor from liked individuals.
#8
Which theory suggests that individuals adjust their behavior or thinking based on others' behavior, opinions, or norms?
Social influence theory
ExplanationSocial influence theory suggests individuals adjust behavior based on others' behavior, opinions, or norms.
#9
Which cognitive bias involves people's tendency to favor information that confirms their preexisting beliefs or hypotheses?
Confirmation bias
ExplanationConfirmation bias is the tendency to favor information confirming preexisting beliefs.
#10
What term describes the psychological discomfort experienced when one's beliefs or behaviors contradict each other?
Cognitive dissonance
ExplanationCognitive dissonance is the discomfort when beliefs or behaviors conflict.
#11
In the context of manipulation, what is 'gaslighting'?
A form of psychological abuse involving the denial of reality and making the victim doubt their sanity
ExplanationGaslighting is a form of psychological abuse involving denying reality and causing doubt in the victim's sanity.
#12
Which ethical principle suggests that individuals should always treat others as ends in themselves and never as a means to an end?
Deontology
ExplanationDeontology suggests treating others as ends, not means, in ethical decision-making.
#13
In the context of temptation, what is 'self-regulation'?
The process of resisting short-term desires in favor of long-term goals
ExplanationSelf-regulation in temptation is the process of resisting short-term desires for long-term goals.
#14
Which cognitive bias involves people's tendency to overestimate their own ability or knowledge and underestimate the contributions of others?
Overconfidence bias
ExplanationOverconfidence bias is the tendency to overestimate one's abilities and underestimate others' contributions.