#1
Which of the following is not a mode of transmission for tuberculosis?
Vector-borne transmission
ExplanationTB is primarily transmitted through airborne droplets, not vectors.
#2
What is the primary method for preventing the spread of tuberculosis?
Covering the mouth when coughing or sneezing
ExplanationCovering the mouth prevents the release of infectious droplets.
#3
What is the causative agent of tuberculosis?
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
ExplanationMycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria cause TB infection.
#4
Which of the following is a common method for diagnosing tuberculosis?
Chest X-ray
ExplanationChest X-ray helps detect abnormalities in the lungs indicative of TB.
#5
Which of the following is a common symptom of latent tuberculosis infection?
No symptoms
ExplanationLatent TB typically shows no symptoms but can reactivate.
#6
What is the primary difference between latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) and active tuberculosis disease?
LTBI has no symptoms, while active TB has symptoms
ExplanationLTBI is asymptomatic while active TB shows symptoms.
#7
Which of the following is a primary characteristic of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI)?
Absence of symptoms with a positive tuberculin skin test or blood test
ExplanationLTBI has no symptoms but shows positive tests for TB exposure.
#8
Which of the following is a characteristic symptom of tuberculosis?
Persistent cough
ExplanationPersistent cough lasting more than 3 weeks is common in TB.
#9
What is the standard treatment regimen for drug-sensitive pulmonary tuberculosis?
3 months of rifampicin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol followed by 3 months of rifampicin and isoniazid
ExplanationInitial intensive phase with four drugs followed by two-drug continuation phase.
#10
What is the mechanism of action of isoniazid, a common anti-tuberculosis medication?
Inhibition of cell wall synthesis
ExplanationIsoniazid disrupts bacterial cell wall formation, killing the bacteria.
#11
Which of the following statements about multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is true?
It is resistant to at least two first-line drugs
ExplanationMDR-TB is resistant to two most effective first-line drugs.
#12
Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for developing active tuberculosis?
Regular exercise
ExplanationRegular exercise does not increase the risk of TB.
#13
What is the primary mode of action of rifampicin, a key anti-TB drug?
Inhibition of protein synthesis
ExplanationRifampicin inhibits bacterial protein synthesis, halting growth.
#14
Which of the following is a potential complication of untreated tuberculosis?
All of the above
ExplanationUntreated TB can lead to severe complications like spread, organ damage, and death.
#15
Which of the following populations is at higher risk of developing tuberculosis?
People living with HIV/AIDS
ExplanationHIV/AIDS weakens the immune system, increasing susceptibility to TB.
#16
What is the primary reason for the resurgence of tuberculosis in recent years?
HIV/AIDS epidemic and drug resistance
ExplanationHIV/AIDS and drug resistance contribute to TB resurgence.
#17
Which of the following statements about extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) is true?
It is resistant to all first-line and some second-line drugs
ExplanationXDR-TB is resistant to most first-line and some second-line drugs.
#18
Which of the following statements regarding the BCG vaccine is true?
Its effectiveness varies and is higher in preventing severe forms of childhood tuberculosis
ExplanationBCG vaccine effectiveness varies but offers better protection against severe childhood TB.
#19
Which of the following factors contributes to the development of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB)?
Incomplete or inadequate treatment of tuberculosis
ExplanationPoor TB treatment practices lead to drug resistance development.