#1
At what age do infants typically start to exhibit social smiles?
3 months
ExplanationInfants typically start to exhibit social smiles around 3 months of age.
#2
What is the term for an infant's ability to differentiate between familiar and unfamiliar faces?
Stranger recognition
ExplanationThe term for an infant's ability to differentiate between familiar and unfamiliar faces is stranger recognition.
#3
Which developmental psychologist is associated with the concept of the 'Strange Situation' as a method to assess attachment?
Mary Ainsworth
ExplanationMary Ainsworth is associated with the concept of the 'Strange Situation' as a method to assess attachment.
#4
What is the term for an infant's ability to follow and mimic the gaze of others, particularly the caregiver?
Gaze following
ExplanationThe term for an infant's ability to follow and mimic the gaze of others, particularly the caregiver, is gaze following.
#5
In the context of attachment, what is the term for an infant's ability to seek and maintain proximity to the caregiver?
Proximity maintenance
ExplanationIn the context of attachment, the term for an infant's ability to seek and maintain proximity to the caregiver is proximity maintenance.
#6
Who developed the attachment theory, emphasizing the importance of early bonds with caregivers?
John Bowlby
ExplanationAttachment theory, emphasizing early bonds with caregivers, was developed by John Bowlby.
#7
What is the term for an infant's distress when separated from their primary caregiver?
Separation anxiety
ExplanationThe term for an infant's distress when separated from their primary caregiver is separation anxiety.
#8
Which type of attachment is characterized by infants showing minimal distress when separated from their caregiver and actively avoiding them upon reunion?
Avoidant attachment
ExplanationAvoidant attachment is characterized by infants showing minimal distress when separated from their caregiver and actively avoiding them upon reunion.
#9
What is the role of oxytocin in the formation of infant-mother bonding?
Promotes bonding
ExplanationOxytocin promotes bonding in the formation of infant-mother bonding.
#10
What is the primary function of the caregiver in forming a secure attachment with an infant, according to attachment theory?
Offering security
ExplanationThe primary function of the caregiver in forming a secure attachment with an infant, according to attachment theory, is offering security.
#11
In the context of infant emotions, what is the term for a baby's expression of fear or distress when confronted with an unfamiliar person?
Stranger anxiety
ExplanationIn the context of infant emotions, the term for a baby's expression of fear or distress when confronted with an unfamiliar person is stranger anxiety.
#12
Which theorist proposed the concept of the 'internal working model' in the context of attachment theory?
John Bowlby
ExplanationJohn Bowlby proposed the concept of the 'internal working model' in the context of attachment theory.
#13
What is the primary emotion expressed by infants during the first few months of life?
Joy
ExplanationThe primary emotion expressed by infants during the first few months of life is joy.
#14
Who developed the concept of 'attachment behavior system,' emphasizing its evolutionary roots in promoting survival and protection?
John Bowlby
ExplanationJohn Bowlby developed the concept of 'attachment behavior system,' emphasizing its evolutionary roots in promoting survival and protection.
#15
What is the term for an infant's ability to regulate their emotional state with the help of the caregiver's comforting presence?
Emotional regulation
ExplanationThe term for an infant's ability to regulate their emotional state with the help of the caregiver's comforting presence is emotional regulation.
#16
According to attachment theory, what is the primary purpose of the caregiver in providing a secure base for the infant?
Security
ExplanationThe primary purpose of the caregiver in providing a secure base for the infant according to attachment theory is security.
#17
Which of the following is NOT one of the stages in Mary Ainsworth's Strange Situation procedure used to assess attachment in infants?
Secure attachment
ExplanationSecure attachment is not one of the stages in Mary Ainsworth's Strange Situation procedure.
#18
Which researcher is known for her work on the concept of 'goodness of fit' in the context of infant temperament and caregiver interactions?
Thomas and Chess
ExplanationThomas and Chess are known for their work on the concept of 'goodness of fit' in the context of infant temperament and caregiver interactions.
#19
What is the term for an infant's ability to imitate facial expressions and gestures, often observed shortly after birth?
Social mirroring
ExplanationThe term for an infant's ability to imitate facial expressions and gestures, often observed shortly after birth, is social mirroring.
#20
Which attachment pattern is characterized by infants displaying a mix of resistant and avoidant behaviors in the Strange Situation?
Disorganized attachment
ExplanationDisorganized attachment is characterized by infants displaying a mix of resistant and avoidant behaviors in the Strange Situation.
#21
According to attachment theory, what term is used to describe a child using the caregiver as a secure base to explore the environment?
Secure base behavior
ExplanationAccording to attachment theory, the term used to describe a child using the caregiver as a secure base to explore the environment is secure base behavior.
#22
According to the ethological theory of attachment, what is the adaptive function of the infant's attachment to the caregiver?
Survival and protection
ExplanationAccording to the ethological theory of attachment, the adaptive function of the infant's attachment to the caregiver is survival and protection.
#23
Which attachment pattern is characterized by inconsistent and unpredictable caregiver responses, leading to confusion in the infant?
Disorganized attachment
ExplanationDisorganized attachment is characterized by inconsistent and unpredictable caregiver responses, leading to confusion in the infant.
#24
Which attachment pattern is characterized by infants showing intense distress upon separation from the caregiver and difficulty being comforted upon reunion?
Ambivalent attachment
ExplanationAmbivalent attachment is characterized by infants showing intense distress upon separation from the caregiver and difficulty being comforted upon reunion.
#25
According to attachment theory, what is the term for the child's ability to use the caregiver as a secure base to explore, but with occasional checking back for reassurance?
Secure base behavior
ExplanationAccording to attachment theory, the term for the child's ability to use the caregiver as a secure base to explore, but with occasional checking back for reassurance, is secure base behavior.