#1
At what age do infants typically start to exhibit social smiles?
3 months
ExplanationInfants typically start to exhibit social smiles around 3 months of age.
#2
What is the term for an infant's ability to differentiate between familiar and unfamiliar faces?
Stranger recognition
ExplanationThe term for an infant's ability to differentiate between familiar and unfamiliar faces is stranger recognition.
#3
Which developmental psychologist is associated with the concept of the 'Strange Situation' as a method to assess attachment?
Mary Ainsworth
ExplanationMary Ainsworth is associated with the concept of the 'Strange Situation' as a method to assess attachment.
#4
What is the term for an infant's ability to follow and mimic the gaze of others, particularly the caregiver?
Gaze following
ExplanationThe term for an infant's ability to follow and mimic the gaze of others, particularly the caregiver, is gaze following.
#5
In the context of attachment, what is the term for an infant's ability to seek and maintain proximity to the caregiver?
Proximity maintenance
ExplanationIn the context of attachment, the term for an infant's ability to seek and maintain proximity to the caregiver is proximity maintenance.
#6
Who developed the attachment theory, emphasizing the importance of early bonds with caregivers?
John Bowlby
ExplanationAttachment theory, emphasizing early bonds with caregivers, was developed by John Bowlby.
#7
What is the term for an infant's distress when separated from their primary caregiver?
Separation anxiety
ExplanationThe term for an infant's distress when separated from their primary caregiver is separation anxiety.
#8
Which type of attachment is characterized by infants showing minimal distress when separated from their caregiver and actively avoiding them upon reunion?
Avoidant attachment
ExplanationAvoidant attachment is characterized by infants showing minimal distress when separated from their caregiver and actively avoiding them upon reunion.
#9
What is the role of oxytocin in the formation of infant-mother bonding?
Promotes bonding
ExplanationOxytocin promotes bonding in the formation of infant-mother bonding.
#10
What is the primary function of the caregiver in forming a secure attachment with an infant, according to attachment theory?
Offering security
ExplanationThe primary function of the caregiver in forming a secure attachment with an infant, according to attachment theory, is offering security.
#11
According to attachment theory, what is the primary purpose of the caregiver in providing a secure base for the infant?
Security
ExplanationThe primary purpose of the caregiver in providing a secure base for the infant according to attachment theory is security.
#12
Which of the following is NOT one of the stages in Mary Ainsworth's Strange Situation procedure used to assess attachment in infants?
Secure attachment
ExplanationSecure attachment is not one of the stages in Mary Ainsworth's Strange Situation procedure.
#13
Which researcher is known for her work on the concept of 'goodness of fit' in the context of infant temperament and caregiver interactions?
Thomas and Chess
ExplanationThomas and Chess are known for their work on the concept of 'goodness of fit' in the context of infant temperament and caregiver interactions.
#14
What is the term for an infant's ability to imitate facial expressions and gestures, often observed shortly after birth?
Social mirroring
ExplanationThe term for an infant's ability to imitate facial expressions and gestures, often observed shortly after birth, is social mirroring.
#15
Which attachment pattern is characterized by infants displaying a mix of resistant and avoidant behaviors in the Strange Situation?
Disorganized attachment
ExplanationDisorganized attachment is characterized by infants displaying a mix of resistant and avoidant behaviors in the Strange Situation.