#1
Which of the following immunodiagnostic techniques relies on the detection of antibodies?
ELISA
ExplanationELISA detects antibodies.
#2
Which type of vaccine uses a weakened form of the virus or bacteria to stimulate an immune response?
Live attenuated vaccine
ExplanationLive attenuated vaccine uses weakened pathogens.
#3
Which immunodiagnostic technique is commonly used to detect the presence of antigens?
ELISA
ExplanationELISA detects antigens.
#4
Which type of vaccine is produced by using a fragment of the pathogen, rather than the whole organism?
Subunit vaccine
ExplanationSubunit vaccine uses pathogen fragments.
#5
Which of the following immunodiagnostic techniques involves the separation of proteins based on their size and charge?
SDS-PAGE
ExplanationSDS-PAGE separates proteins by size and charge.
#6
What is the main advantage of subunit vaccines over live attenuated vaccines?
They can be safely administered to immunocompromised individuals
ExplanationSubunit vaccines are safe for immunocompromised individuals.
#7
Which immunodiagnostic technique relies on the principle of antigen-antibody interaction for detection?
ELISA
ExplanationELISA relies on antigen-antibody interactions.
#8
Which type of vaccine is composed of only the outer coat proteins of a virus?
Subunit vaccine
ExplanationSubunit vaccine consists of outer coat proteins.
#9
Which immunodiagnostic technique involves the use of a DNA probe to detect specific sequences?
Northern Blot
ExplanationNorthern Blot uses DNA probes for specific sequence detection.
#10
Which type of vaccine uses a protein or sugars from the outer coating of the pathogen?
Conjugate vaccine
ExplanationConjugate vaccine uses pathogen outer coatings.
#11
What is the purpose of adjuvants in vaccines?
To enhance the immune response
ExplanationAdjuvants boost immune responses.
#12
Which of the following immunodiagnostic techniques is used to detect specific proteins in a sample?
Western Blot
ExplanationWestern Blot detects proteins.
#13
What is the function of the capsid in a virus?
To protect the genetic material
ExplanationCapsid protects genetic material.
#14
Which of the following is a disadvantage of live attenuated vaccines?
They can cause severe side effects
ExplanationLive attenuated vaccines may cause severe side effects.
#15
Which of the following is a characteristic of DNA vaccines?
They can induce both cellular and humoral immune responses
ExplanationDNA vaccines trigger cellular and humoral responses.
#16
What is the role of the spike protein in COVID-19 vaccines?
It facilitates viral entry into host cells
ExplanationSpike protein aids viral entry.
#17
What is the function of an mRNA vaccine?
To provide a template for protein synthesis within host cells
ExplanationmRNA vaccines supply templates for protein synthesis.
#18
Which of the following vaccine types typically requires the use of an adjuvant for enhanced effectiveness?
Subunit vaccine
ExplanationSubunit vaccines often require adjuvants.
#19
What is the role of a plasmid in DNA vaccines?
To serve as a vector for gene delivery
ExplanationPlasmid serves as a gene delivery vector.
#20
Which of the following vaccine types is most suitable for immunizing against diseases caused by bacteria with polysaccharide capsules?
Conjugate vaccine
ExplanationConjugate vaccine suits polysaccharide capsule diseases.
#21
Which type of vaccine is made by introducing genetic material from a pathogen into host cells to stimulate an immune response?
Nucleic acid vaccine
ExplanationNucleic acid vaccine uses genetic material.
#22
Which vaccine type uses a carrier molecule to enhance the immune response to a weak antigen?
Conjugate vaccine
ExplanationConjugate vaccine uses carrier molecules.
#23
Which type of vaccine uses a harmless virus as a vector to deliver genetic material from the target pathogen?
Viral vector vaccine
ExplanationViral vector vaccine uses harmless viruses as vectors.
#24
What is the mechanism of action of an inactivated vaccine?
It exposes the immune system to viral antigens without causing disease
ExplanationInactivated vaccine exposes to antigens without causing disease.
#25
What distinguishes a recombinant subunit vaccine from a traditional subunit vaccine?
The production of antigen using genetic engineering
ExplanationRecombinant subunit vaccine produces antigen via genetic engineering.