#1
Which of the following is not a common cause of hypercalcemia?
Hypothyroidism
ExplanationHypothyroidism typically does not cause hypercalcemia.
#2
Which hormone is primarily responsible for regulating calcium levels in the blood?
Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
ExplanationPTH is the primary regulator of blood calcium levels.
#3
Which of the following organs is primarily responsible for regulating calcium levels in the body?
Parathyroid glands
ExplanationParathyroid glands play a primary role in calcium regulation.
#4
What is the most common symptom of hypercalcemia?
Nausea and vomiting
ExplanationNausea and vomiting are frequently observed in hypercalcemia.
#5
Which of the following electrolyte imbalances may be seen in severe cases of hypercalcemia?
Hypomagnesemia
ExplanationHypomagnesemia can occur in severe hypercalcemia.
#6
Which medication is commonly used as first-line treatment for hypercalcemia?
Bisphosphonates
ExplanationBisphosphonates are frequently used as first-line treatment for hypercalcemia.
#7
Which malignancy is most commonly associated with hypercalcemia of malignancy?
Multiple myeloma
ExplanationMultiple myeloma is commonly associated with hypercalcemia of malignancy.
#8
Which of the following conditions is associated with hypercalcemia?
Cushing's syndrome
ExplanationCushing's syndrome is associated with hypercalcemia.
#9
What is the ECG finding often associated with severe hypercalcemia?
Tall T waves
ExplanationSevere hypercalcemia is often associated with tall T waves on ECG.
#10
What is the mechanism of action of bisphosphonates in treating hypercalcemia?
Inhibiting osteoclast activity
ExplanationBisphosphonates work by inhibiting osteoclast activity.
#11
What is the term used to describe hypercalcemia resulting from excess intake of calcium supplements or vitamin D?
Milk-alkali syndrome
ExplanationExcess intake of calcium or vitamin D can lead to milk-alkali syndrome.
#12
Which vitamin deficiency can lead to hypercalcemia due to impaired vitamin D metabolism?
Vitamin D deficiency
ExplanationVitamin D deficiency can lead to hypercalcemia due to impaired metabolism.
#13
What is the primary mechanism of action of calcitonin in treating hypercalcemia?
Promoting calcium deposition in bones
ExplanationCalcitonin works by promoting calcium deposition in bones.