#1
1. What is a common psychological response to adversity?
Apathy
ExplanationApathy is a state of indifference or lack of interest or emotion.
#2
10. Which neurotransmitter is often linked to the regulation of mood and stress response in the context of adversity?
Norepinephrine
ExplanationNorepinephrine is a neurotransmitter involved in the body's 'fight or flight' response to stress.
#3
15. What type of stressors are events that are life-changing, such as marriage, divorce, or the birth of a child?
Major life events
ExplanationMajor life events are significant stressors that can have a profound impact on individuals' lives.
#4
20. What is the term for the psychological concept where individuals perceive themselves as capable of meeting the demands of their environment?
Self-efficacy
ExplanationSelf-efficacy is the belief in one's ability to accomplish tasks and meet challenges in specific situations.
#5
25. Which neurochemical is associated with the regulation of mood, sleep, and appetite, and may play a role in responses to adversity?
Serotonin
ExplanationSerotonin is a neurotransmitter that regulates mood, sleep, appetite, and plays a role in responses to stress and adversity.
#6
2. Which hormone is often associated with the 'fight or flight' response to adversity?
Cortisol
ExplanationCortisol is a stress hormone released by the adrenal glands in response to stress.
#7
3. What term is used to describe the ability to bounce back from adversity?
Resilience
ExplanationResilience is the capacity to recover quickly from difficulties.
#8
6. What is the term for the process of adapting well in the face of adversity, trauma, or significant stress?
Post-traumatic growth
ExplanationPost-traumatic growth refers to positive psychological change experienced as a result of adversity.
#9
7. Which factor is NOT typically associated with enhancing resilience in individuals?
Avoidance of challenges
ExplanationAvoidance of challenges hinders resilience as it prevents individuals from learning and adapting.
#10
11. What is the term for the phenomenon where individuals, after experiencing a traumatic event, exhibit symptoms similar to the trauma they witnessed?
Vicarious trauma
ExplanationVicarious trauma occurs when individuals experience symptoms similar to those directly exposed to trauma.
#11
12. Which of the following is NOT considered a common defense mechanism in response to adversity?
Adaptation
ExplanationAdaptation is not a defense mechanism; rather, it refers to adjusting to new circumstances or conditions.
#12
4. In psychology, what does the term 'coping mechanism' refer to in the context of adversity?
Unconscious reactions to stress
ExplanationCoping mechanisms are unconscious strategies individuals use to cope with stress.
#13
5. Which psychological theory emphasizes the importance of human needs and motivations in understanding responses to adversity?
Humanistic theory
ExplanationHumanistic theory focuses on personal growth, self-determination, and the importance of basic needs.
#14
8. What term is used to describe the concept of perceiving a stressful situation as less threatening than it actually is?
Cognitive appraisal
ExplanationCognitive appraisal is the process of evaluating a situation and determining its significance.
#15
9. According to the 'Challenge and Threat' model, which mindset is associated with better performance under stress?
Challenge
ExplanationA 'challenge' mindset views stressors as opportunities for growth and is associated with better performance.
#16
13. According to the broaden-and-build theory, what is the emotional state associated with the exploration of new ideas and experiences?
Joy
ExplanationJoy is the emotional state associated with the broaden-and-build theory, promoting exploration and creativity.
#17
14. Which resilience factor refers to an individual's belief in their ability to influence events and outcomes in their life?
Locus of control
ExplanationLocus of control refers to the extent to which individuals believe they can control events affecting them.