#1
Which of the following is a basic emotional need in human relationships?
Physical touch
ExplanationPhysical touch serves as a fundamental emotional need in human relationships for expressing affection and connection.
#2
Which psychological concept involves the fear of missing out and a desire to stay connected with what others are doing?
Fear of missing out (FOMO)
ExplanationFOMO encompasses the anxiety of being excluded or missing out on rewarding experiences, driving the desire to stay connected and informed.
#3
What is the term for the process by which individuals learn and internalize the values, beliefs, and norms of their culture?
Socialization
ExplanationSocialization involves the lifelong process of acquiring cultural norms, values, and behaviors, shaping one's identity and role within society.
#4
In the context of social development, what does the term 'role conflict' refer to?
A clash between different societal roles a person occupies
ExplanationRole conflict occurs when the demands of different social roles a person occupies are incompatible, leading to tension and difficulty in fulfilling obligations and expectations.
#5
Which attachment style is characterized by low anxiety and low avoidance, indicating a healthy and secure relationship pattern?
Secure attachment
ExplanationSecure attachment style is characterized by feelings of security, trust, and comfort in close relationships, with low anxiety about abandonment and low avoidance of intimacy.
#6
Erik Erikson's stages of psychosocial development include the stage called:
Identity vs. Role Confusion
ExplanationThis stage highlights the struggle between developing a sense of self and confusion about one's identity and social roles.
#7
What is the term for the psychological bond between infants and their primary caregivers?
Attachment
ExplanationAttachment refers to the emotional connection and bond formed between infants and their primary caregivers, crucial for healthy development.
#8
What is the term for the phenomenon where people tend to prefer information that confirms their pre-existing beliefs or values?
Confirmation bias
ExplanationConfirmation bias refers to the tendency to seek or interpret information in a way that confirms one's existing beliefs or hypotheses.
#9
According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which needs are considered the most basic and fundamental?
Physiological needs
ExplanationPhysiological needs such as food, water, shelter, and sleep are the most fundamental in Maslow's hierarchy, essential for survival.
#10
Which theoretical perspective in sociology focuses on the ways in which individuals and groups actively create and shape their social reality?
Symbolic interactionism
ExplanationSymbolic interactionism emphasizes the importance of symbols and shared meanings in shaping social interactions and constructing social reality through ongoing communication and negotiation.
#11
What is the term for the tendency to attribute one's own thoughts, feelings, and motives to others?
Projection
ExplanationProjection is a defense mechanism where individuals attribute their own unacceptable thoughts, feelings, or traits onto others, often as a way to avoid acknowledging them in themselves.
#12
Which psychological theory emphasizes the importance of unconditional positive regard and self-actualization?
Humanistic theory
ExplanationHumanistic theory emphasizes the innate drive for self-actualization and the importance of unconditional positive regard from others in fostering personal growth and fulfillment.
#13
John Bowlby is known for his work in the development of:
Attachment theory
ExplanationBowlby is renowned for his research and contributions to understanding the dynamics and importance of attachment between children and caregivers.
#14
In the context of interpersonal communication, what does 'self-disclosure' refer to?
Revealing personal information to others
ExplanationSelf-disclosure involves sharing personal thoughts, feelings, and experiences with others, fostering intimacy and trust in relationships.
#15
What term is used to describe the phenomenon where individuals conform to a group's decision to maintain harmony, even if they disagree personally?
Social conformity
ExplanationSocial conformity refers to the tendency of individuals to adjust their behavior, beliefs, or attitudes to align with the norms of a group, often to avoid conflict or gain acceptance.
#16
According to attachment theory, what is the term for a child's distress when a familiar caregiver is not present?
Separation anxiety
ExplanationSeparation anxiety is the emotional distress experienced by infants and young children when separated from their primary caregiver, reflecting the strength of attachment bonds.
#17
Which factor plays a significant role in the development of secure attachment between infants and caregivers?
Consistent responsiveness
ExplanationConsistent responsiveness from caregivers to an infant's needs fosters a sense of security and trust, crucial for the development of a secure attachment bond.
#18
According to Sternberg's Triangular Theory of Love, what are the three components of love?
Passion, intimacy, and commitment
ExplanationSternberg's theory posits that love consists of three components: passion (physical attraction), intimacy (emotional closeness), and commitment (decision to maintain the relationship).
#19
According to the attachment theory, what role does the caregiver play in the child's development of a secure attachment?
Consistently meeting emotional needs
ExplanationCaregivers who consistently meet a child's emotional needs provide a secure base for exploration and foster a sense of trust and security, essential for developing a secure attachment.