#1
According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which of the following is a lower-order need?
Safety
ExplanationSafety needs are considered lower-order needs in Maslow's hierarchy, prioritized after physiological needs.
#2
Which theory proposes that individuals seek to satisfy their needs in a specific order?
Hierarchy of needs theory
ExplanationHierarchy of needs theory posits that people fulfill needs in a predetermined sequence, moving from basic to higher-level needs.
#3
Which of the following is not one of the core needs in Self-Determination Theory?
Security
ExplanationSecurity is not considered a core need in Self-Determination Theory, which focuses on autonomy, competence, and relatedness.
#4
Which theory of motivation suggests that individuals are motivated to reduce the discrepancy between their actual and desired states?
Equity theory
ExplanationEquity theory proposes that people are motivated to achieve fairness and reduce disparities between their contributions and rewards.
#5
According to Maslow, which needs correspond to the highest level in his hierarchy of needs?
Self-actualization needs
ExplanationSelf-actualization needs represent the pinnacle of Maslow's hierarchy, involving personal fulfillment and realizing one's potential.
#6
According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which need must be satisfied before an individual can progress to higher-order needs?
Physiological needs
ExplanationPhysiological needs, such as food and shelter, must be met before individuals can focus on fulfilling higher-order needs according to Maslow.
#7
According to Herzberg, which of the following is a hygiene factor?
Company policy
ExplanationCompany policies are considered hygiene factors by Herzberg, essential for preventing dissatisfaction but not directly linked to motivation.
#8
Which theory suggests that individuals have three basic needs: existence, relatedness, and growth?
ERG theory
ExplanationERG theory posits that human needs can be grouped into three categories: existence, relatedness, and growth.
#9
According to the Existence-Relatedness-Growth (ERG) theory, which needs are most basic?
Existence needs
ExplanationExistence needs are considered the most basic in ERG theory, encompassing survival requirements.
#10
Which theory of motivation is also known as the 'Motivation-Hygiene Theory'?
Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory
ExplanationHerzberg's Two-Factor Theory is often referred to as the Motivation-Hygiene Theory, emphasizing both motivator and hygiene factors.
#11
Which theory of motivation focuses on the relationship between a person's effort, performance, and outcome?
Expectancy theory
ExplanationExpectancy theory emphasizes how individuals' beliefs about the relationship between effort, performance, and outcomes influence motivation.
#12
According to Herzberg, which of the following is a motivator factor?
Recognition
ExplanationRecognition is considered a motivator factor in Herzberg's theory, associated with intrinsic rewards and job satisfaction.
#13
In McClelland's acquired needs theory, which need is characterized by the desire for personal accomplishment?
Need for achievement
ExplanationThe need for achievement in McClelland's theory refers to the desire for personal accomplishment, striving for excellence.
#14
Which theory suggests that people are motivated by the belief that their effort will lead to a certain outcome?
Expectancy Theory
ExplanationExpectancy Theory proposes that individuals are motivated by the expectation that their efforts will result in desired outcomes.
#15
According to Alderfer's ERG theory, if a higher-level need remains unfulfilled, what might an individual do?
Move to a lower-level need
ExplanationIn Alderfer's ERG theory, individuals might regress to lower-level needs if higher-level needs are unmet.
#16
Which theory suggests that an individual's behavior is determined by their expectation that a certain outcome will follow a specific behavior?
Expectancy theory
ExplanationExpectancy theory posits that people's behavior is driven by their belief that specific actions will lead to desired outcomes.
#17
Which theory of motivation suggests that individuals are motivated by the belief that their efforts will lead to a specific outcome, and that this outcome will be rewarding?
Expectancy theory
ExplanationExpectancy theory posits that motivation is driven by the expectation that effort will lead to a desired outcome, which is rewarding.
#18
Which theory suggests that individuals are motivated by the belief that their efforts will lead to a specific outcome, and that this outcome will be rewarding?
Expectancy theory
ExplanationExpectancy theory suggests that individuals are driven by the expectation that their actions will result in a particular outcome, which they find rewarding.