#1
Which of the following is NOT considered a basic human need according to Maslow's hierarchy of needs?
Technology
ExplanationMaslow's hierarchy of needs includes physiological, safety, love and belonging, esteem, and self-actualization, but not technology.
#2
What theory of motivation suggests that individuals are motivated by the desire to satisfy specific needs?
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
ExplanationMaslow's Hierarchy of Needs proposes that motivation is driven by fulfilling physiological, safety, love, esteem, and self-actualization needs.
#3
According to Abraham Maslow, which of the following needs must be fulfilled before an individual can progress to higher-level needs?
Physiological needs
ExplanationMaslow's hierarchy suggests that physiological needs like food, water, and sleep must be met before higher-level needs can be addressed.
#4
Which branch of psychology focuses on understanding how people's thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by the actual, imagined, or implied presence of others?
Social psychology
ExplanationSocial psychology examines how individuals' thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by the presence, real or implied, of others.
#5
Which theory suggests that individuals have an innate drive to seek out novelty and stimulation?
Sensation-Seeking Theory
ExplanationSensation-Seeking Theory proposes that individuals have a natural drive to seek novelty and stimulation.
#6
In psychology, what term describes the process by which individuals perceive, interpret, and respond to their environment?
Perception
ExplanationPerception is the psychological process involving the interpretation and response to one's environment.
#7
Which psychological theory suggests that behavior is influenced by the interaction between a person's traits (including their thinking and learning) and their social context?
Social Learning Theory
ExplanationSocial Learning Theory emphasizes the interaction between individual traits and the social environment in shaping behavior.
#8
Who developed the theory of classical conditioning, which involves learning through association between stimuli?
Ivan Pavlov
ExplanationIvan Pavlov developed classical conditioning, a learning process where associations are formed between stimuli and responses.
#9
In the context of motivation, what does the term 'extrinsic motivation' refer to?
Motivation that comes from outside sources, such as rewards or punishments
ExplanationExtrinsic motivation is driven by external factors like rewards or punishments.
#10
Who proposed the Theory of Cognitive Dissonance, which suggests that individuals are motivated to reduce the discomfort caused by conflicting beliefs or actions?
Leon Festinger
ExplanationLeon Festinger proposed the Theory of Cognitive Dissonance, which focuses on reducing discomfort from conflicting beliefs or actions.
#11
What is the term for the psychological phenomenon in which individuals tend to attribute their own successes to internal factors and failures to external factors?
Self-Serving Bias
ExplanationSelf-Serving Bias is the tendency to attribute successes to internal factors and failures to external factors.
#12
Which psychological perspective emphasizes the importance of free will, self-actualization, and the search for meaning in human behavior?
Humanistic perspective
ExplanationThe humanistic perspective focuses on free will, self-actualization, and the search for meaning in human behavior.
#13
What term describes the tendency to rely on pre-existing beliefs and expectations to interpret and remember new information?
Confirmation Bias
ExplanationConfirmation Bias is the tendency to rely on pre-existing beliefs and expectations when interpreting and remembering new information.
#14
What psychological theory proposes that individuals seek to maintain a balance between their needs for autonomy and their needs for relatedness?
Self-Determination Theory
ExplanationSelf-Determination Theory suggests individuals seek a balance between autonomy and relatedness needs.
#15
Who proposed the theory of cognitive development, which suggests that children actively construct their understanding of the world through experiences and interactions?
Jean Piaget
ExplanationJean Piaget proposed the theory of cognitive development, emphasizing active construction of understanding through experiences and interactions.