#1
What is the capacity of short-term memory according to classical cognitive psychology?
7 ± 2 items
ExplanationLimited capacity of short-term memory, typically around 7 items, give or take 2.
#2
Which term refers to the process of transforming information into a form that can be stored in memory?
Encoding
ExplanationTransformation of sensory input into a form that can be stored in memory.
#3
Who proposed the concept of the working memory model?
Alan Baddeley and Graham Hitch
ExplanationProposed by Baddeley and Hitch, a model explaining short-term memory function and its components.
#4
What is the process by which memories are strengthened and stabilized over time?
Consolidation
ExplanationProcess by which memories are stabilized and made resistant to interference.
#5
What is the term for the phenomenon where older memories interfere with the retrieval of newer memories?
Proactive interference
ExplanationOlder memories interfere with the retrieval of newer memories.
#6
Which brain structure is crucial for the formation of new declarative memories?
Hippocampus
ExplanationBrain region important for the formation of new explicit memories.
#7
What is the term for the inability to form new memories following brain damage?
Amnesia
ExplanationLoss of memory function due to brain injury or disease.
#8
Which type of memory is typically associated with personal experiences and events?
Episodic memory
ExplanationMemory system that stores autobiographical events and personal experiences.
#9
Who proposed the levels of processing model of memory?
Fergus I. M. Craik and Robert S. Lockhart
ExplanationProposed by Craik and Lockhart, a model suggesting that deeper levels of processing lead to better retention.
#10
According to the levels of processing model, which type of processing leads to deeper encoding and better retention?
Semantic processing
ExplanationProcessing information based on its meaning leads to better retention.
#11
Which area of the brain is primarily involved in the storage and retrieval of procedural memories?
Basal ganglia
ExplanationBrain region involved in procedural memory formation and retrieval.
#12
What is the term for the inability to retrieve information from memory despite the presence of adequate cues?
Tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon
ExplanationInability to recall information despite the feeling of it being on the 'tip of the tongue'.