#1
Which stage of Erikson's psychosocial theory occurs during adolescence?
Identity vs. Role Confusion
ExplanationAdolescents grapple with forming a stable sense of self amidst societal expectations.
#2
At what age does the brain reach full maturity?
25 years old
ExplanationThe brain undergoes structural and functional maturation until around the age of 25.
#3
What is the term for the period of rapid physical and sexual maturation that occurs during adolescence?
Puberty
ExplanationPuberty marks the rapid physiological changes leading to sexual maturity in adolescence.
#4
Which of the following is a primary criticism of Kohlberg's theory of moral development?
It overemphasizes the role of culture
ExplanationCritics argue Kohlberg's theory doesn't sufficiently consider cultural influences on moral development.
#5
Which of the following is a characteristic of middle adulthood according to Erikson's psychosocial theory?
Generativity vs. Stagnation
ExplanationMiddle adulthood involves the conflict between contributing to society (generativity) or feeling stagnant.
#6
At what age do most children begin to exhibit stranger anxiety?
6-9 months
ExplanationStranger anxiety typically emerges in infants between 6 to 9 months, signaling cognitive and emotional development.
#7
Which of the following is NOT a factor that influences lifespan development?
Personality
ExplanationWhile personality influences development, it's not the only factor; genetic, environmental, and cultural factors also play crucial roles.
#8
Which of the following is not a characteristic of Piaget's formal operational stage?
Concrete operational thinking
ExplanationFormal operational thinking involves abstract reasoning, not concrete operational thought.
#9
What is the term for the emotional bond that forms between an infant and their primary caregiver?
Attachment
ExplanationAttachment is the strong emotional connection between infants and their main caregivers.
#10
According to Erikson, what is the primary crisis of young adulthood?
Intimacy vs. Isolation
ExplanationYoung adults face the conflict between forming meaningful relationships and potential isolation.
#11
What is the term for the cognitive ability to understand that objects continue to exist even when they cannot be seen, heard, or touched?
Object permanence
ExplanationObject permanence is grasping that objects exist even when out of sight, a key concept in cognitive development.
#12
Which of the following is NOT a stage of prenatal development?
Adolescent
ExplanationPrenatal development stages include germinal, embryonic, and fetal stages, but not an 'adolescent' stage.
#13
According to Piaget, during which stage do children begin to engage in symbolic play and develop language skills?
Preoperational
ExplanationThe preoperational stage is marked by symbolic play and language development, according to Piaget's theory.
#14
Which of the following is NOT one of the stages of grief proposed by Elisabeth Kübler-Ross?
Isolation
ExplanationElisabeth Kübler-Ross proposed stages of grief, including denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance, but not 'isolation'.
#15
Which theorist is associated with the concept of the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)?
Lev Vygotsky
ExplanationVygotsky proposed the Zone of Proximal Development, emphasizing the range of tasks a learner can perform with assistance.
#16
Which psychologist proposed the theory of psychosocial development that includes the stages of trust vs. mistrust and autonomy vs. shame and doubt?
Erik Erikson
ExplanationErikson's psychosocial theory outlines stages of psychosocial development, including early stages like trust vs. mistrust.
#17
Who proposed the theory of psychosocial development that suggests individuals progress through eight stages of life, each characterized by a unique developmental crisis?
Erik Erikson
ExplanationErikson's psychosocial theory outlines eight stages, each presenting a unique developmental crisis.
#18
Which of the following parenting styles is characterized by high demands and low responsiveness?
Authoritarian
ExplanationAuthoritarian parenting is marked by high demands on children with low responsiveness to their emotional needs.
#19
According to Erikson, what is the primary crisis of late adulthood?
Integrity vs. Despair
ExplanationLate adulthood involves a conflict between achieving a sense of integrity and succumbing to feelings of despair, as per Erikson's theory.