#1
Who is considered the father of modern psychology?
Wilhelm Wundt
ExplanationWilhelm Wundt is considered the father of modern psychology for establishing the first psychology laboratory in 1879.
#2
According to Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which need must be satisfied before moving to the next level?
Physiological needs
ExplanationAccording to Maslow, physiological needs, such as food and shelter, must be satisfied before progressing to higher levels of needs.
#3
Who introduced the concept of 'psychosocial crisis' in the context of human development?
Erik Erikson
ExplanationErik Erikson introduced the concept of 'psychosocial crisis,' representing challenges and conflicts at different stages of human development.
#4
Which stage in Lawrence Kohlberg's moral development theory is characterized by a focus on avoiding punishment and seeking rewards?
Preconventional Level
ExplanationThe Preconventional Level in Kohlberg's theory involves moral reasoning based on avoiding punishment and seeking rewards.
#5
Which stage in Erik Erikson's psychosocial development theory corresponds to adolescence?
Identity vs. Role Confusion
ExplanationThe stage 'Identity vs. Role Confusion' in Erik Erikson's theory focuses on adolescents developing a sense of self and personal identity.
#6
Who proposed the Social Learning Theory, emphasizing observational learning and imitation?
Albert Bandura
ExplanationAlbert Bandura proposed the Social Learning Theory, highlighting the role of observational learning, imitation, and modeling in behavior development.
#7
Which theorist is associated with the concept of the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)?
Lev Vygotsky
ExplanationLev Vygotsky is associated with the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD), indicating the level at which a child can perform a task with assistance.
#8
Who proposed the Cognitive Developmental Theory, focusing on how children actively construct knowledge and understanding of their world?
Jean Piaget
ExplanationJean Piaget proposed the Cognitive Developmental Theory, emphasizing active construction of knowledge by children.
#9
According to John Bowlby, what is the term used to describe the emotional bond between an infant and their primary caregiver?
Secure attachment
ExplanationJohn Bowlby coined the term 'secure attachment' to describe a healthy emotional bond between an infant and their primary caregiver.
#10
In Kohlberg's stages of moral development, which level is characterized by adherence to social norms and laws for the sake of maintaining social order?
Conventional Level
ExplanationThe Conventional Level in Kohlberg's theory involves moral reasoning based on societal norms, laws, and maintaining social order.
#11
What is the main focus of the Ecological Systems Theory proposed by Urie Bronfenbrenner?
Environmental influences
ExplanationUrie Bronfenbrenner's Ecological Systems Theory emphasizes the impact of environmental influences on individual development.
#12
In the context of Erik Erikson's psychosocial stages, what crisis characterizes the stage of 'Industry vs. Inferiority'?
Competence vs. Inadequacy
ExplanationThe 'Industry vs. Inferiority' stage in Erikson's theory involves a crisis of developing competence or feeling inadequate in one's abilities.
#13
What is the main focus of Albert Bandura's Social Cognitive Theory?
Observational learning
ExplanationAlbert Bandura's Social Cognitive Theory focuses on how individuals learn through observational learning, modeling, and imitation of others.
#14
In Erik Erikson's theory, what crisis characterizes the stage of 'Generativity vs. Stagnation'?
Generativity vs. Stagnation
ExplanationThe 'Generativity vs. Stagnation' stage in Erikson's theory involves a crisis of contributing to the well-being of future generations or feeling stagnated.