#1
Which of the following is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases?
High cholesterol
ExplanationElevated levels of cholesterol increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases by contributing to plaque buildup in arteries.
#2
Which nutrient is essential for maintaining healthy blood pressure?
Potassium
ExplanationPotassium helps regulate blood pressure by balancing sodium levels in the body and relaxing blood vessel walls.
#3
What is the primary function of the atrioventricular (AV) node in the heart?
Conduct electrical signals between atria and ventricles
ExplanationThe AV node regulates the electrical impulses between the heart's upper chambers (atria) and lower chambers (ventricles), coordinating heartbeats.
#4
Which hormone is released by the adrenal glands during the 'fight or flight' response, increasing heart rate and blood pressure?
Epinephrine
ExplanationEpinephrine, also known as adrenaline, is released in response to stress or danger, increasing heart rate, and blood pressure to prepare the body for action.
#5
What is the primary function of the sinoatrial (SA) node in the heart?
Generate electrical impulses
ExplanationThe SA node, also known as the heart's natural pacemaker, generates electrical impulses that regulate the heart's rhythm and coordinate its contractions.
#6
What does BMI stand for in the context of cardiovascular health?
Body Mass Index
ExplanationBMI is a measure of body fat based on height and weight, often used to assess cardiovascular disease risk.
#7
Which exercise is most beneficial for improving cardiovascular fitness?
Running
ExplanationRunning is an effective aerobic exercise that strengthens the heart and improves cardiovascular endurance.
#8
What is the normal resting heart rate for adults?
60-70 beats per minute
ExplanationA resting heart rate of 60-70 beats per minute is considered normal for adults, indicating a healthy cardiovascular system.
#9
Which type of cholesterol is considered 'bad' for cardiovascular health?
LDL (Low-Density Lipoprotein)
ExplanationLDL cholesterol is considered 'bad' because high levels can lead to plaque buildup in arteries, increasing the risk of cardiovascular diseases.
#10
Which type of exercise is particularly beneficial for improving flexibility and reducing stress?
Pilates
ExplanationPilates exercises focus on core strength, flexibility, and mind-body connection, promoting stress reduction and overall well-being.
#11
What is the term for the condition where blood flow to the heart muscle is reduced or blocked?
Angina
ExplanationAngina is chest pain or discomfort that occurs when the heart muscle doesn't receive enough oxygen-rich blood, often due to narrowed coronary arteries.
#12
What is the main function of the cardiovascular system?
Transportation of nutrients and oxygen
ExplanationThe cardiovascular system circulates blood throughout the body, delivering nutrients and oxygen to tissues and organs.
#13
What is the term for the condition where there is a blockage in one or more of the coronary arteries?
Myocardial infarction
ExplanationA myocardial infarction, commonly known as a heart attack, occurs when blood flow to part of the heart is blocked, leading to tissue damage.
#14
What is the term for a sudden, severe increase in blood pressure?
Hypertension
ExplanationHypertension, or high blood pressure, can lead to serious cardiovascular complications such as heart disease and stroke.
#15
Which of the following is NOT a modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular diseases?
Age
ExplanationAge is a non-modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, as risk tends to increase with age and cannot be changed.
#16
Which vitamin is crucial for the synthesis of blood clotting proteins and maintaining healthy blood vessels?
Vitamin K
ExplanationVitamin K is essential for blood clotting and helps maintain healthy blood vessels, reducing the risk of cardiovascular diseases.
#17
What is the medical term for inflammation of the inner lining of the heart chambers and valves?
Endocarditis
ExplanationEndocarditis is an infection or inflammation of the inner lining of the heart chambers and valves, often caused by bacteria entering the bloodstream.