#1
What is the primary focus of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)?
Changing negative thought patterns and behaviors
ExplanationCBT focuses on changing negative thought patterns and behaviors to improve mental health.
#2
Which neurotransmitter is commonly associated with mood regulation and is often targeted in the treatment of depression?
Serotonin
ExplanationSerotonin is a neurotransmitter linked to mood regulation and is targeted in depression treatment.
#3
Which psychological disorder is characterized by persistent feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and loss of interest in activities?
Major depressive disorder
ExplanationMajor depressive disorder is characterized by persistent sadness, hopelessness, and loss of interest in previously enjoyed activities.
#4
What is the term for a sudden, intense feeling of fear or discomfort, often accompanied by physical symptoms such as rapid heartbeat and sweating?
Panic attack
ExplanationA panic attack is a sudden, intense feeling of fear or discomfort, often with physical symptoms like rapid heartbeat and sweating.
#5
Which of the following is NOT a symptom of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?
Mood swings
ExplanationMood swings are not a symptom of ADHD, which typically includes symptoms like impulsivity and inattention.
#6
What is the term for a type of therapy that focuses on examining and changing dysfunctional patterns of thinking?
Cognitive therapy
ExplanationCognitive therapy is a type of therapy focused on examining and changing dysfunctional thinking patterns.
#7
What is a hallmark symptom of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)?
Repetitive behaviors
ExplanationRepetitive behaviors are a hallmark symptom of OCD, such as compulsive handwashing or checking.
#8
What is the term for the psychological defense mechanism in which unacceptable or undesirable feelings are transferred from the original source to a substitute target?
Displacement
ExplanationDisplacement is a defense mechanism where emotions are redirected from the original source to another target.
#9
Who is considered the founder of psychoanalysis?
Sigmund Freud
ExplanationSigmund Freud is considered the founder of psychoanalysis, a theory of personality and therapy.
#10
What is the term for the tendency to attribute one's own thoughts, feelings, or motives to others?
Projection
ExplanationProjection is the tendency to attribute one's own thoughts, feelings, or motives to others.
#11
Which neurotransmitter is associated with the body's 'fight or flight' response to stress?
Norepinephrine
ExplanationNorepinephrine is associated with the body's 'fight or flight' response to stress.
#12
What is the term for the process of learning new behavior through observation and imitation of others?
Social learning
ExplanationSocial learning is the process of acquiring new behaviors through observation and imitation of others.
#13
According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which needs must be satisfied before an individual can fulfill higher-level needs such as love and belongingness?
Safety needs
ExplanationSafety needs must be met before an individual can fulfill higher-level needs like love and belongingness, as per Maslow's hierarchy.
#14
Which psychological disorder is characterized by a pervasive pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others?
Antisocial personality disorder
ExplanationAntisocial personality disorder is characterized by disregard for and violation of the rights of others.
#15
Which psychological disorder is characterized by recurrent, intrusive, and unwanted thoughts, as well as repetitive behaviors or mental acts performed to alleviate anxiety?
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)
ExplanationObsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is characterized by recurrent, intrusive thoughts and repetitive behaviors.
#16
Which psychological disorder is characterized by a persistent and irrational fear of a specific object, activity, or situation?
Phobia
ExplanationPhobia is characterized by a persistent and irrational fear of a specific object, activity, or situation.
#17
Which neurotransmitter is commonly associated with the regulation of sleep, mood, and appetite, and is targeted by many antidepressant medications?
Serotonin
ExplanationSerotonin is associated with regulating sleep, mood, and appetite, and is targeted by many antidepressant medications.