#1
Which of the following is the causative agent of AIDS?
Human immunodeficiency virus
ExplanationHIV is the virus responsible for causing AIDS.
#2
What type of virus is HIV?
Retrovirus
ExplanationHIV belongs to the retrovirus family.
#3
Which of the following statements about HIV is TRUE?
HIV cannot be transmitted through breastfeeding.
ExplanationHIV is not transmitted through breastfeeding.
#4
Which type of HIV infection occurs when the virus is present in the body but there are no symptoms?
Asymptomatic infection
ExplanationAsymptomatic infection occurs when HIV is present, but no symptoms are exhibited.
#5
Which of the following statements about HIV is FALSE?
HIV can be transmitted through casual contact like hugging.
ExplanationHIV cannot be transmitted through casual contact like hugging.
#6
Which enzyme is responsible for the synthesis of DNA from RNA in HIV?
Reverse transcriptase
ExplanationReverse transcriptase facilitates the conversion of HIV RNA into DNA.
#7
Which of the following proteins helps HIV in entering the host cell?
gp120
Explanationgp120 is a viral protein that aids HIV entry into host cells.
#8
Which cell type does HIV primarily target in the human body?
T lymphocytes
ExplanationHIV primarily targets T lymphocytes in the human immune system.
#9
Which HIV protein is responsible for the cleavage of precursor polyproteins into individual functional proteins?
Protease
ExplanationProtease is the HIV protein responsible for cleaving precursor polyproteins into individual functional proteins.
#10
Which phase of HIV infection is characterized by a rapid increase in viral load and decline in CD4+ T cell count?
Acute infection
ExplanationAcute infection is marked by a rapid increase in viral load and a decline in CD4+ T cell count.
#11
Which of the following is NOT a common route of HIV transmission?
Mosquito bites
ExplanationHIV is not transmitted through mosquito bites.
#12
What is the function of the viral protein, integrase, in HIV replication?
Facilitates integration of viral DNA into host genome
ExplanationIntegrase helps integrate viral DNA into the host cell's genome during HIV replication.
#13
What is the function of the viral protein, protease, in the HIV life cycle?
Cleaves viral polyproteins into functional proteins
ExplanationProtease is responsible for cleaving viral polyproteins into individual functional proteins during the HIV life cycle.
#14
What is the significance of the CD4 receptor in HIV infection?
It serves as a co-receptor for HIV entry into the host cell
ExplanationCD4 receptor acts as a co-receptor for HIV, facilitating its entry into the host cell.
#15
Which of the following factors contributes to HIV drug resistance?
Taking antiretroviral drugs inconsistently
ExplanationInconsistent intake of antiretroviral drugs contributes to HIV drug resistance.
#16
What is the role of the viral protein, vif, in the HIV life cycle?
Counteracts a host cell protein that inhibits HIV replication
Explanationvif counteracts a host cell protein inhibiting HIV replication in the life cycle.
#17
What is the function of the HIV accessory protein, nef?
Enhances virulence by downregulating host cell surface proteins
Explanationnef enhances HIV virulence by downregulating host cell surface proteins.