#1
Which of the following is NOT a function of the liver?
Production of insulin
ExplanationInsulin is produced by the pancreas, not the liver.
#2
Which blood vessel carries nutrient-rich blood from the digestive organs to the liver?
Portal vein
ExplanationThe portal vein transports blood from the digestive organs to the liver for processing.
#3
What is the name of the condition characterized by the accumulation of excess fat in the liver cells?
Fatty liver disease
ExplanationFatty liver disease results from the buildup of fat in liver cells.
#4
Which vitamin is primarily stored in the liver?
Vitamin K
ExplanationThe liver plays a crucial role in storing and releasing Vitamin K.
#5
What is the main function of the bile produced by the liver?
Emulsifying fats
ExplanationBile emulsifies fats, aiding in their digestion and absorption.
#6
Which substance is responsible for the green color of bile?
Biliverdin
ExplanationBiliverdin, a breakdown product of hemoglobin, imparts a green color to bile.
#7
What is the main function of the hepatic artery in the liver?
To carry oxygen-rich blood to the liver
ExplanationThe hepatic artery supplies the liver with oxygenated blood for metabolic functions.
#8
What is the functional unit of the liver?
Hepatocyte
ExplanationHepatocytes are the primary cells in the liver responsible for its various functions.
#9
Which hormone stimulates the production of bile by the liver?
Cholecystokinin (CCK)
ExplanationCholecystokinin (CCK) triggers the release of bile from the liver.
#10
What is the primary function of Kupffer cells in the liver?
Phagocytosis of bacteria and foreign particles
ExplanationKupffer cells are specialized liver macrophages involved in immune defense.
#11
Which of the following enzymes is predominantly produced by the liver?
Alanine transaminase (ALT)
ExplanationALT is a liver enzyme involved in amino acid metabolism and is predominantly produced by the liver.
#12
Which hormone stimulates glycogen breakdown in the liver?
Glucagon
ExplanationGlucagon signals the liver to break down glycogen into glucose.
#13
Which liver enzyme is commonly elevated in cases of liver damage?
Aspartate transaminase (AST)
ExplanationAST is an enzyme that may be elevated in liver damage and other conditions.
#14
What is the primary function of the hepatic sinusoids?
Exchange of nutrients and waste products
ExplanationHepatic sinusoids facilitate the exchange of substances between blood and liver cells.
#15
Which of the following statements about liver lobules is correct?
Liver lobules contain primarily hepatocytes and Kupffer cells.
ExplanationLiver lobules are structural units containing hepatocytes and Kupffer cells.
#16
Which hormone stimulates the release of stored glucose from the liver into the bloodstream?
Glucagon
ExplanationGlucagon prompts the liver to release stored glucose into the bloodstream.
#17
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the hepatic portal system?
It drains blood from the liver into the inferior vena cava.
ExplanationThe hepatic portal system carries blood from the digestive organs to the liver, not to the inferior vena cava.
#18
Which of the following is a function of the liver in lipid metabolism?
Synthesis of lipoproteins
ExplanationThe liver is involved in the synthesis of lipoproteins for lipid transport.
#19
Which of the following is a function of the hepatic stellate cells?
Storage of vitamin A
ExplanationHepatic stellate cells store vitamin A in the liver.
#20
Which liver enzyme is elevated in cases of obstructive jaundice?
Alkaline phosphatase (ALP)
ExplanationALP is often elevated in obstructive jaundice due to impaired bile flow.
#21
Which of the following is NOT a role of the liver in carbohydrate metabolism?
Lipogenesis
ExplanationLipogenesis, the synthesis of fats, is not a primary role of the liver in carbohydrate metabolism.
#22
Which of the following is a function of the liver in protein metabolism?
Synthesis of clotting factors
ExplanationThe liver synthesizes clotting factors as part of its role in protein metabolism.
#23
Which of the following is NOT a component of the portal triad?
Hepatic vein
ExplanationThe portal triad includes the portal vein, hepatic artery, and bile duct, but not the hepatic vein.
#24
Which liver function test assesses the synthetic function of the liver?
Prothrombin time (PT)
ExplanationProthrombin time measures blood clotting and reflects the liver's synthetic function.
#25
Which of the following is NOT a component of the hepatic portal triad?
Hepatic vein
ExplanationThe hepatic portal triad includes the portal vein, hepatic artery, and bile duct, but not the hepatic vein.