#1
In public health, what does the term 'herd immunity' refer to?
Achieving a sufficient proportion of the population immune to a disease
ExplanationCollective immunity reducing disease spread
#2
Which of the following is an example of a positive externality in public health?
Vaccination reducing the spread of a contagious disease
ExplanationBenefits extending beyond vaccinated individuals
#3
What is the primary focus of the 'Social Determinants of Health' framework?
Economic and social conditions impacting health outcomes
ExplanationAddressing societal factors influencing health
#4
What is the primary goal of contact tracing in public health?
Identifying and notifying individuals exposed to infectious diseases
ExplanationTracing and alerting potential contacts
#5
What is the primary purpose of public health education programs?
Educating and empowering individuals to make informed health decisions
ExplanationEmpowering informed health choices
#6
Which government agency is responsible for public health in the United States?
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
ExplanationLeading institution in U.S. public health
#7
What is the 'Tragedy of the Commons' in the context of public health and personal choice?
A situation where individuals act in their self-interest, depleting shared resources
ExplanationSelfish actions undermining common good
#8
What is the main objective of a sin tax in the context of public health?
Generating revenue to fund healthcare programs
ExplanationFinancial support for healthcare initiatives
#9
Which level of government is typically responsible for implementing public health policies?
Local government
ExplanationImplementing policies closest to communities
#10
Which of the following is an example of a negative externality in public health?
Antibiotic overuse leading to drug resistance
ExplanationUnintended harm from collective actions
#11
Which ethical principle supports government intervention in public health to protect individuals from harm?
Non-maleficence
ExplanationAvoiding harm through intervention
#12
What is the 'Nanny State' argument against government intervention in personal choices related to health?
Arguing against excessive government intrusion in personal choices
ExplanationOpposition to overbearing state control
#13
What is the 'Precautionary Principle' in public health decision-making?
Taking preventive action in the face of uncertainty
ExplanationProactive measures amid uncertain risks
#14
In the context of personal choice, what does the term 'paternalism' refer to?
Restrictions on personal choices for the individual's own good
ExplanationLimiting choices for perceived benefit
#15
Which ethical principle emphasizes the fair distribution of healthcare resources in public health policies?
Justice
ExplanationEquitable resource allocation