#1
Which of the following is a characteristic of effective goal setting?
Setting specific and measurable goals
ExplanationClarity and quantifiability enhance goal effectiveness.
#2
Which of the following best describes the concept of self-efficacy?
The belief in one's ability to succeed in specific situations or accomplish a task
ExplanationSelf-efficacy reflects confidence in achieving desired outcomes.
#3
What is the role of feedback in the goal-setting process?
To monitor progress and adjust strategies
ExplanationFeedback facilitates adaptive refinement of goal pursuit strategies.
#4
What is the term for the phenomenon where individuals set easier goals for themselves to achieve rather than striving for more difficult ones?
Comfort zone bias
ExplanationComfort zone bias leads individuals to opt for familiarity over challenge in goal-setting.
#5
Which of the following is NOT a common motivational strategy?
Punishment
ExplanationPunishment is generally less effective than positive reinforcement in motivating behavior.
#6
What is the term for the phenomenon where individuals lose interest in a goal after experiencing initial success?
Goal disengagement
ExplanationInitial success can lead to complacency and disengagement from further goal pursuit.
#7
Which of the following is NOT a factor that influences motivation?
Intelligence
ExplanationIntelligence alone does not directly determine motivation levels.
#8
What does the acronym SMART stand for in the context of goal setting?
Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, Time-bound
ExplanationSMART criteria ensure goals are well-defined and achievable.
#9
Which theory of motivation emphasizes the importance of intrinsic motivation?
Self-Determination Theory
ExplanationSelf-Determination Theory prioritizes internal drives for motivation.
#10
What is the term for the phenomenon where individuals are less likely to take action if they believe their efforts will not lead to success?
Learned helplessness
ExplanationLearned helplessness inhibits proactive behavior due to perceived futility.
#11
According to the Expectancy Theory of Motivation, what three factors influence an individual's motivation to act?
Expectancy, instrumentality, valence
ExplanationExpectancy, instrumentality, and valence collectively shape motivation according to this theory.
#12
Which of the following is NOT a common barrier to goal achievement?
External obstacles
ExplanationExternal obstacles do not stem from internal barriers to goal attainment.
#13
Who proposed the Hierarchy of Needs theory?
Abraham Maslow
ExplanationMaslow's Hierarchy of Needs outlines human motivation's hierarchical progression.
#14
Which theory suggests that behavior is driven by the desire to fulfill biological and psychological needs?
Hierarchy of Needs Theory
ExplanationThe Hierarchy of Needs Theory posits human behavior is fueled by intrinsic needs.
#15
According to Locke and Latham's Goal Setting Theory, which of the following is NOT a key component of effective goals?
Complexity
ExplanationComplexity doesn't directly contribute to goal effectiveness in Locke and Latham's theory.
#16
In the context of behavior change, what does the acronym ABC stand for?
Antecedent, Behavior, Consequence
ExplanationABC model delineates behavior change stages through antecedents, behaviors, and consequences.
#17
According to the Self-Determination Theory, what are the three basic psychological needs that drive human behavior?
Autonomy, Competence, Relatedness
ExplanationSelf-Determination Theory underscores autonomy, competence, and relatedness as fundamental motivators.
#18
What is the term for the phenomenon where individuals attribute their successes to internal factors and their failures to external factors?
Self-serving bias
ExplanationSelf-serving bias skews attribution of outcomes to protect self-esteem.
#19
According to the Goal Setting Theory, which factor influences the relationship between goals and performance?
Commitment
ExplanationCommitment solidifies the link between set goals and subsequent performance.