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Genetics and Hereditary Traits Quiz

#1

Which molecule carries the genetic instructions used in the growth, development, functioning, and reproduction of all known living organisms?

DNA
Explanation

Genetic instructions carrier

#2

Which of the following is not a basic law of genetics?

Law of Conservation of Mass
Explanation

Not a law of genetics

#3

Which scientist is known as the father of modern genetics?

Gregor Mendel
Explanation

Father of modern genetics

#4

What is the term for the process by which DNA is copied to produce a complementary strand of RNA?

Transcription
Explanation

DNA to RNA copying

#5

Which type of genetic mutation involves the insertion or deletion of nucleotides, shifting the reading frame of the genetic code?

Frameshift
Explanation

Nucleotide insertion/deletion mutation

#6

In humans, which pair of chromosomes determines the biological sex of an individual?

XY
Explanation

Sex-determining chromosomes

#7

What term describes the observable characteristics or traits of an organism?

Phenotype
Explanation

Observable traits

#8

In a Punnett square, what represents the possible genotypes of offspring?

Cells
Explanation

Offspring genotypes

#9

Which of the following statements about dominant alleles is true?

They always determine the phenotype when present
Explanation

Dominant allele phenotypic effect

#10

In humans, which blood type is considered the universal donor?

O
Explanation

Universal donor blood type

#11

Which of the following genetic disorders is caused by the presence of an extra chromosome 21?

Down Syndrome
Explanation

Extra chromosome 21 disorder

#12

What is the term for a gene that masks the effect of another gene at the same locus?

Epistatic
Explanation

Gene masking effect

#13

What is the term for a type of inheritance where the phenotype of a heterozygote is intermediate between the phenotypes of the two homozygotes?

Incomplete dominance
Explanation

Intermediate phenotype inheritance

#14

What is the term for the phenomenon where one gene influences multiple, seemingly unrelated phenotypic traits?

Pleiotropy
Explanation

One gene, multiple traits effect

#15

What is the term for a type of mutation that involves the substitution of one nucleotide for another?

Substitution
Explanation

Single nucleotide change mutation

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