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Genetic Concepts and Terminology Quiz

#1

What is the basic unit of heredity that carries genetic information?

Gene
Explanation

Basic unit of heredity carrying genetic information.

#2

What is the name of the process by which DNA is copied to produce an identical strand of DNA?

Replication
Explanation

Process of copying DNA to produce identical strands.

#3

What is the name of the DNA structure that forms when two complementary strands twist around each other?

Double helix
Explanation

DNA structure: complementary strands twisting.

#4

Which genetic disorder is characterized by the presence of an extra copy of chromosome 21?

Down syndrome
Explanation

Genetic disorder: extra copy of chromosome 21.

#5

In a pedigree chart, what symbol is used to represent a male?

Square
Explanation

Pedigree chart symbol for male: Square.

#6

Which type of cell division is responsible for the formation of gametes (sperm and egg cells)?

Meiosis
Explanation

Cell division forming gametes (sperm and egg cells).

#7

What is the term for the specific location of a gene on a chromosome?

Locus
Explanation

Specific gene location on a chromosome.

#8

Which genetic disorder is characterized by the absence of an X chromosome in females?

Turner syndrome
Explanation

Genetic disorder: absence of X chromosome in females.

#9

What is the term for the different forms of a gene that can occupy a specific locus?

Allele
Explanation

Different gene forms at a specific locus.

#10

Which of the following is an example of a sex-linked genetic disorder?

Color blindness
Explanation

Sex-linked genetic disorder example.

#11

In a dihybrid cross, how many different combinations of alleles can be produced for two genes located on different chromosomes?

8
Explanation

Dihybrid cross: 8 different allele combinations.

#12

In a Punnett square, what represents the possible genetic combinations resulting from a cross between two individuals?

Genotypes
Explanation

Possible genetic combinations in a cross.

#13

What is the term for the observable characteristics or traits of an organism determined by its genetic makeup?

Phenotype
Explanation

Observable traits determined by genetics.

#14

Which scientist is credited with establishing the laws of inheritance based on pea plant experiments?

Gregor Mendel
Explanation

Gregor Mendel: laws of inheritance from pea plant experiments.

#15

What is the term for the situation where an individual has two different alleles for a particular gene?

Heterozygous
Explanation

Individual having two different alleles for a gene.

#16

What is the term for a trait that is influenced by multiple genes?

Polygenic
Explanation

Trait influenced by multiple genes.

#17

In DNA, what does the letter 'C' stand for in the DNA base pairing?

Cytosine
Explanation

Letter 'C' in DNA base pairing: Cytosine.

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