#1
Which of the following is considered the father of modern psychology?
Wilhelm Wundt
ExplanationPioneer of structuralism, founded first psychology lab
#2
What is the primary focus of behaviorism?
Observable behavior
ExplanationStudying behavior without delving into internal mental processes
#3
What is the purpose of a control group in an experiment?
To provide a baseline for comparison
ExplanationHelps assess the effect of the independent variable
#4
Who proposed the hierarchy of needs theory in psychology?
Abraham Maslow
ExplanationHierarchy of human needs, from basic to self-actualization
#5
What does the term 'operational definition' refer to in experimental research?
The process of measuring variables
ExplanationDefining variables in terms of how they are measured or manipulated
#6
Who is known for proposing the social learning theory, which emphasizes observational learning?
Albert Bandura
ExplanationStudied how people learn from observing others
#7
Which type of research design involves manipulating an independent variable to observe its effect on a dependent variable?
Experimental research
ExplanationAllows causal inference by controlling variables
#8
What is the purpose of random assignment in experimental design?
To ensure that each participant has an equal chance of being assigned to any group
ExplanationMinimizes bias, ensures groups are comparable
#9
Which of the following is an example of a non-experimental research design?
Case study
ExplanationIn-depth study of a particular subject or group
#10
What is the purpose of debriefing in psychological research?
To provide post-study counseling and information
ExplanationEnsures participants understand the study's purpose and safeguards their well-being
#11
What is the primary purpose of a pilot study in research?
To gather preliminary data
ExplanationIdentifies potential problems and refines research methods
#12
In psychology, what does the term 'cognitive dissonance' refer to?
A state of tension resulting from contradictory beliefs or attitudes
ExplanationPsychological discomfort from inconsistency in beliefs or behaviors
#13
Which of the following is a potential limitation of experimental research?
Limited generalizability
ExplanationFindings may not apply to broader populations or contexts
#14
Which of the following is NOT a component of the scientific method?
Confirmation bias
ExplanationBiased interpretation of evidence, not inherent to scientific method
#15
Which statistical test is commonly used to determine if there is a significant difference between the means of two groups?
T-test
ExplanationCompares means of two groups to assess statistical significance
#16
What is the purpose of effect size in statistical analysis?
To assess the practical significance of research findings
ExplanationIndicates magnitude of a phenomenon beyond statistical significance
#17
What is the purpose of meta-analysis in psychological research?
To combine and analyze the results from multiple studies on a particular topic
ExplanationProvides comprehensive overview by pooling data from various studies