Fundamentals of Psychological Science Quiz

Psychology aims to understand, explain, predict, and sometimes influence human behavior and mental processes, but not solely to measure them.

Wilhelm Wundt is often referred to as the 'father of psychology' for establishing the first psychology laboratory in 1879 at the University of Leipzig.

Ivan Pavlov, a Russian physiologist, is known for his work on classical conditioning, which explores how organisms learn to associate stimuli and responses.

Dopamine is a neurotransmitter linked to pleasure, reward, motivation, and motor control, among other functions.

Clinical psychology is the branch of psychology concerned with diagnosing and treating mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders.

Lev Vygotsky introduced the concept of the zone of proximal development, emphasizing the role of social interaction in cognitive development.

Memory formation encompasses the encoding, storage, and retrieval processes through which information is acquired, maintained, and recalled by the brain.

Abraham Maslow proposed the hierarchy of needs theory, suggesting that human motivation is driven by a hierarchical arrangement of physiological, safety, love, esteem, and self-actualization needs.

The amygdala, part of the limbic system, plays a key role in processing emotions, particularly fear, and regulating emotional responses.

Longitudinal design involves studying the same group of individuals over an extended period to observe changes or development in variables of interest.

Negative reinforcement in operant conditioning involves removing an aversive stimulus to increase the likelihood of a desired behavior recurring.

The fundamental attribution error is the tendency to overemphasize dispositional or internal factors and underestimate situational or external influences when explaining others' behavior.

Confirmation bias refers to the tendency to search for, interpret, and remember information in a way that confirms one's preconceptions or hypotheses.