Fundamentals of Criminal Justice System Quiz

The criminal justice system encompasses prevention, investigation, adjudication, and punishment of crimes.

The Fourth Amendment safeguards individuals from unjustified searches and seizures by the government.

The jury, consisting of peers of the defendant, decides guilt or innocence based on the evidence presented.

Arraignment is the initial court appearance where the defendant hears the charges and enters a plea.

An indictment is a formal accusation issued by a grand jury, stating the charges against a defendant.

While burglary involves unlawful entry, it doesn't necessarily entail direct violence against persons, unlike typical violent crimes.

Cesare Beccaria's work in the 18th century laid the foundation for modern criminology with his book 'On Crimes and Punishments.'

Self-defense occurs when a person uses force to protect themselves or others from harm, justifying their actions in court.

While parole is related to criminal justice, it's not a core component but rather a system of early release from prison.

Perjury is the offense of lying under oath, not a recognized defense in criminal law.

Beyond a reasonable doubt is the highest standard of proof required for a conviction in a criminal trial.

Ex post facto laws criminalize actions retroactively, which is prohibited to protect individuals from unforeseeable legal consequences.

Mens rea refers to the mental state or intent behind committing a crime, indicating a guilty mind.

The prosecution must prove the defendant's guilt beyond a reasonable doubt, ensuring a high standard of evidence.

While unfortunate biases may exist, the race or ethnicity of the defendant should not impact the severity of their sentence as per legal standards.

Duress is a defense where a person commits a crime due to threat or coercion, lacking true consent in their actions.