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Fundamentals of Cognitive Processes Quiz

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Which theory suggests that information processing involves a series of sequential stages, including encoding, storage, and retrieval?

Information Processing Theory

Explanation

Theory posits stages: encoding, storage, retrieval.

What is the term for the tendency to remember the first few items on a list more effectively than those in the middle?

Primacy effect

Explanation

First items remembered better; primacy effect.

According to Piaget's theory of cognitive development, which stage is characterized by the ability to perform abstract thinking and hypothetical reasoning?

Formal operational stage

Explanation

Abstract thinking, hypothetical reasoning in formal operational stage.

What is the term for the ability to focus on one stimulus while ignoring other stimuli?

Selective attention

Explanation

Ability to focus on one stimulus amidst others; selective attention.

In the context of memory, what is priming?

The activation of one memory by another due to their similarity or association

Explanation

Activation of one memory by another due to similarity or association; priming in memory.

Which of the following is NOT a stage of memory processing according to Atkinson and Shiffrin's modal model?

Intermediary memory

Explanation

Term not recognized in Atkinson and Shiffrin's modal model.

What is the primary function of the hippocampus in memory processing?

Encoding new memories

Explanation

Hippocampus crucial for forming new memories.

What is the term for the phenomenon where the presence of others enhances performance on simple or well-rehearsed tasks but impairs performance on complex or new tasks?

Social facilitation

Explanation

Presence of others boosts simple task performance; social facilitation.

What is the term for the cognitive bias where individuals overestimate the likelihood of rare or unlikely events based on how easily they can recall similar instances?

Availability heuristic

Explanation

Overestimation of rare events due to easy recall; availability heuristic.

#10

What term describes the phenomenon where individuals tend to perceive and attend to information that confirms their existing beliefs or expectations?

Confirmation bias

Explanation

Tendency to favor information aligning with existing beliefs; confirmation bias.

#11

Which neurotransmitter is primarily associated with the process of memory formation and storage?

Acetylcholine

Explanation

Acetylcholine key for memory formation and storage.

#12

Which of the following is NOT one of the four main components of the working memory model proposed by Baddeley and Hitch?

Episodic buffer

Explanation

Episodic buffer not part of Baddeley and Hitch's model.

#13

Which area of the brain is primarily associated with language comprehension?

Wernicke's area

Explanation

Wernicke's area linked to language comprehension.

#14

Which of the following is NOT a stage of problem-solving according to the Gestalt approach?

Confirmation

Explanation

Confirmation not a stage in Gestalt approach to problem-solving.

#15

According to Vygotsky's sociocultural theory, what is the zone of proximal development (ZPD)?

The gap between a child's current abilities and the skills they can achieve with assistance

Explanation

Gap between current and potential skills with assistance; ZPD in Vygotsky's theory.

Fundamentals of Cognitive Processes Quiz

Which theory suggests that information processing involves a series of sequential stages, including encoding, storage, and retrieval?

What is the term for the tendency to remember the first few items on a list more effectively than those in the middle?

According to Piaget's theory of cognitive development, which stage is characterized by the ability to perform abstract thinking and hypothetical reasoning?

What is the term for the ability to focus on one stimulus while ignoring other stimuli?

In the context of memory, what is priming?

Which of the following is NOT a stage of memory processing according to Atkinson and Shiffrin's modal model?

What is the primary function of the hippocampus in memory processing?

What is the term for the phenomenon where the presence of others enhances performance on simple or well-rehearsed tasks but impairs performance on complex or new tasks?

What is the term for the cognitive bias where individuals overestimate the likelihood of rare or unlikely events based on how easily they can recall similar instances?

What term describes the phenomenon where individuals tend to perceive and attend to information that confirms their existing beliefs or expectations?

Which neurotransmitter is primarily associated with the process of memory formation and storage?

Which of the following is NOT one of the four main components of the working memory model proposed by Baddeley and Hitch?

Which area of the brain is primarily associated with language comprehension?

Which of the following is NOT a stage of problem-solving according to the Gestalt approach?

According to Vygotsky's sociocultural theory, what is the zone of proximal development (ZPD)?

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