#1
Which of the following is NOT a principle of criminal justice?
Guilty until proven innocent
ExplanationPresumption of innocence is a fundamental principle.
#2
What is the primary function of law enforcement agencies?
To investigate crimes and arrest suspects
ExplanationLaw enforcement's core duty is maintaining law and order.
#3
Which of the following is NOT a component of the criminal justice system?
Healthcare
ExplanationHealthcare isn't directly part of the justice process.
#4
What is the primary purpose of the Fourth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution?
To protect against unreasonable searches and seizures
ExplanationSafeguards citizens' privacy and property rights.
#5
Which type of court handles cases involving disputes between private parties or individuals?
Civil court
ExplanationDeals with non-criminal disputes between individuals.
#6
Which theory of punishment focuses on the idea of deterring future criminal behavior?
Deterrence
ExplanationDeterrence aims to prevent crime through fear of consequences.
#7
What is the 'broken windows' theory in criminal justice?
Theory suggesting that visible signs of disorder lead to more serious crime
ExplanationAddressing minor issues can prevent major criminal activity.
#8
What does the term 'recidivism' refer to in the context of criminal justice?
The tendency of a convicted criminal to re-offend
ExplanationIt highlights the challenge of rehabilitation.
#9
What is the purpose of a grand jury in the criminal justice system?
To review evidence and decide whether to indict a suspect
ExplanationDetermines if there's enough evidence for trial.
#10
What is the primary goal of restorative justice?
To repair harm caused by crime and promote healing
ExplanationFocuses on repairing relationships and harm.
#11
Who is considered the father of modern criminology?
Cesare Beccaria
ExplanationBeccaria's work laid foundations for modern criminology.
#12
Which U.S. Supreme Court case established the principle of 'Miranda rights'?
Miranda v. Arizona
ExplanationEnsures suspects are aware of their rights during arrest.
#13
Which U.S. Supreme Court case established the 'exclusionary rule'?
Mapp v. Ohio
ExplanationPrevents illegally obtained evidence from being used.
#14
Which U.S. Supreme Court case established the principle of 'double jeopardy'?
United States v. Dixon
ExplanationProtects individuals from being tried twice for the same crime.