#1
Who is considered the father of psychology?
Wilhelm Wundt
ExplanationEstablished the first psychology laboratory in 1879.
#2
Which perspective in psychology focuses on unconscious processes and childhood experiences?
Psychoanalytic perspective
ExplanationDeveloped by Sigmund Freud, emphasizing unconscious motivations.
#3
What is the process of encoding, storing, and retrieving information in memory called?
Memory
ExplanationInvolves acquisition, storage, and retrieval of information.
#4
Which research method involves observing and recording behavior in naturally occurring situations without manipulating variables?
Naturalistic observation
ExplanationObserving subjects in their natural environment without interference.
#5
Who is known for proposing the theory of cognitive development in children?
Jean Piaget
ExplanationStudied how children acquire knowledge and understanding.
#6
Which psychological perspective emphasizes the role of learning and environmental influences on behavior?
Behavioral perspective
ExplanationFocuses on how behavior is learned and reinforced.
#7
Who developed the concept of classical conditioning?
Ivan Pavlov
ExplanationDiscovered the associative learning process involving involuntary responses.
#8
Which branch of psychology focuses on the study of mental processes such as perception, memory, and problem-solving?
Cognitive psychology
ExplanationExamines how people perceive, think, and solve problems.
#9
Who is known for proposing the theory of attachment in infants?
John Bowlby
ExplanationStressed the importance of early caregiver-infant relationships.
#10
Which psychological perspective emphasizes the role of unconscious conflicts in behavior?
Psychoanalytic perspective
ExplanationBelieves unconscious conflicts influence behavior and personality.
#11
Who proposed the theory of operant conditioning?
B.F. Skinner
ExplanationStudied how behavior is strengthened or weakened by consequences.
#12
Which neurotransmitter is associated with feelings of pleasure and reward?
Dopamine
ExplanationLinked to motivation, pleasure, and reinforcement learning.
#13
According to Maslow, which category of needs must be satisfied before higher-order needs can be addressed?
Physiological needs
ExplanationBasic needs such as food, water, and shelter must be met first.
#14
What is the term for the tendency to favor information that confirms one's preexisting beliefs or hypotheses?
Confirmation bias
ExplanationPreferring evidence that supports existing beliefs while ignoring contrary evidence.
#15
Who proposed the theory of psychosexual development?
Sigmund Freud
ExplanationTheorized that personality develops through stages based on sexual urges.
#16
Which neurotransmitter is primarily associated with the regulation of sleep, mood, and appetite?
Serotonin
ExplanationRegulates mood, appetite, and sleep-wake cycles.
#17
Who proposed the hierarchy of needs theory?
Abraham Maslow
ExplanationDescribed a hierarchy of human needs from basic to self-actualization.
#18
Which brain structure is responsible for the coordination of voluntary movements and balance?
Cerebellum
ExplanationCoordinates motor movements and maintains posture and balance.
#19
Who developed the theory of social learning?
Albert Bandura
ExplanationStudied observational learning and the role of modeling in behavior.
#20
Which brain structure is primarily involved in the formation and retrieval of memories?
Hippocampus
ExplanationCritical for memory consolidation and spatial navigation.
#21
What is the main focus of the humanistic perspective in psychology?
The potential for personal growth
ExplanationEmphasizes self-actualization and fulfillment of individual potential.
#22
Which of the following brain structures is primarily associated with the regulation of emotions and motivation?
Amygdala
ExplanationInvolved in processing emotions, particularly fear and aggression.
#23
What is the main focus of the sociocultural perspective in psychology?
The influence of cultural and social factors on behavior
ExplanationStudies how culture and societal norms impact behavior and mental processes.
#24
What is the primary focus of evolutionary psychology?
The adaptive value of behavior and mental processes
ExplanationExamines how evolutionary principles influence behavior and cognition.
#25
What is the primary focus of the biopsychosocial perspective in psychology?
The interaction of biological, psychological, and social factors in behavior
ExplanationViews behavior as a complex interaction of biological, psychological, and social factors.