#1
Who is considered the founder of modern psychology?
Wilhelm Wundt
ExplanationWilhelm Wundt is credited for establishing the first psychology laboratory in 1879, marking the beginning of experimental psychology.
#2
Who introduced the concept of the 'collective unconscious' in psychology?
Carl Jung
ExplanationCarl Jung proposed the concept of the collective unconscious, suggesting inherited elements of the unconscious shared by all humans.
#3
Who is known for the theory of operant conditioning, involving reinforcement and punishment?
B.F. Skinner
ExplanationB.F. Skinner developed operant conditioning theory, highlighting how behavior is influenced by its consequences.
#4
Who conducted the famous Little Albert experiment, demonstrating classical conditioning in a human subject?
John B. Watson
ExplanationJohn B. Watson conducted the Little Albert experiment, illustrating classical conditioning principles using a human subject.
#5
Which school of psychology emphasizes the study of the whole person and the uniqueness of individuals?
Gestalt psychology
ExplanationGestalt psychology emphasizes understanding the whole person and their experiences, focusing on perception, cognition, and behavior.
#6
What is the focus of structuralism in psychology?
Examining the structure of the mind
ExplanationStructuralism aimed to analyze the basic elements of consciousness through introspection, focusing on the structure of the mind.
#7
Who proposed the theory of classical conditioning?
Ivan Pavlov
ExplanationIvan Pavlov demonstrated classical conditioning through his famous experiments with dogs, showing how behaviors could be learned through association.
#8
In behaviorism, what is the process of learning by association between a neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus called?
Classical conditioning
ExplanationClassical conditioning involves associating a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus to evoke a conditioned response.
#9
Which psychologist is known for his hierarchy of needs, including physiological, safety, love, esteem, and self-actualization?
Abraham Maslow
ExplanationAbraham Maslow proposed the hierarchy of needs, suggesting that individuals seek to fulfill basic needs before higher-level ones.
#10
Which school of psychology emphasizes the study of observable behavior and rejects the emphasis on internal mental processes?
Behaviorism
ExplanationBehaviorism focuses on observable behavior, disregarding internal mental processes as the primary subject of study.
#11
What is the main idea behind the socio-cultural perspective in psychology?
Analyzing the impact of society and culture on individuals
ExplanationThe socio-cultural perspective examines how social and cultural factors shape individuals' behavior, thoughts, and emotions.
#12
Which perspective in psychology emphasizes the role of unconscious processes and unresolved conflicts?
Psychoanalytic perspective
ExplanationPsychoanalytic perspective, founded by Sigmund Freud, delves into the unconscious mind to understand behavior and mental processes.
#13
What is the primary focus of the cognitive-behavioral approach in psychology?
Changing maladaptive thought patterns and behaviors
ExplanationCognitive-behavioral therapy concentrates on altering negative thought patterns and behaviors to address psychological issues.
#14
Who developed the theory of multiple intelligences, suggesting that there are different types of intelligence beyond the traditional IQ measure?
Howard Gardner
ExplanationHoward Gardner proposed the theory of multiple intelligences, recognizing various forms of intelligence beyond IQ.
#15
What is the primary focus of humanistic psychology?
Enhancing personal growth and self-actualization
ExplanationHumanistic psychology emphasizes individuals' inherent drive for self-improvement and realization of their fullest potential.
#16
Who is considered the father of psychoanalysis and developed the theory of the Oedipus complex?
Sigmund Freud
ExplanationSigmund Freud is the founder of psychoanalysis, known for his theories on the unconscious mind, including the Oedipus complex.
#17
Which approach in psychology focuses on understanding and promoting positive aspects of human experience, such as happiness and well-being?
Positive psychology
ExplanationPositive psychology studies factors contributing to happiness, well-being, and optimal functioning in individuals and communities.