#1
What is the primary focus of structuralism in psychology?
Analyzing the structure of conscious experiences
ExplanationExamines the organization of mental processes into basic components
#2
Who is often considered the father of psychoanalysis?
Sigmund Freud
ExplanationPioneered the exploration of the unconscious mind and psychoanalytic theory
#3
Who is known for his research on classical conditioning with dogs, involving the salivary reflex?
Ivan Pavlov
ExplanationDiscovered classical conditioning through experiments with dogs
#4
In the context of memory, what is the term for the fading of information from memory over time?
Decay
ExplanationGradual loss of memory traces over time
#5
Who is known for the theory of operant conditioning, involving reinforcement and punishment?
B.F. Skinner
ExplanationStudied how behavior is shaped by consequences, through reinforcement and punishment
#6
Which branch of psychology focuses on understanding individual differences in behavior and personality?
Personality Psychology
ExplanationInvestigates unique patterns of behavior and traits among individuals
#7
What is the main goal of behaviorism?
Observing and controlling behavior
ExplanationEmphasizes observable actions and their environmental determinants
#8
What is the central idea of the nature vs. nurture debate in psychology?
The interaction between genetics and environment
ExplanationExplores the relative influence of genetic inheritance versus environmental factors
#9
In classical conditioning, what is the unconditioned response (UCR)?
The natural and automatic response to the unconditioned stimulus
ExplanationInvoluntary reaction elicited by an unlearned stimulus
#10
What is the primary focus of humanistic psychology?
Understanding personal growth and self-actualization
ExplanationStresses individual potential for growth and fulfillment
#11
What does the term 'cognitive dissonance' refer to in psychology?
The discomfort arising from inconsistent beliefs and attitudes
ExplanationConflict between attitudes or beliefs causing psychological tension
#12
What is the primary focus of social psychology?
The influence of society and groups on behavior
ExplanationInvestigates how social influences shape behavior and attitudes
#13
Which psychological perspective emphasizes the importance of unconscious conflicts and childhood experiences in shaping behavior?
Psychodynamic perspective
ExplanationStresses the impact of early life experiences and unconscious drives
#14
What does the term 'schema' refer to in cognitive psychology?
A framework for organizing and interpreting information
ExplanationMental framework used to organize and interpret information
#15
Which neurotransmitter is associated with pleasure and reward in the brain?
Dopamine
ExplanationNeurotransmitter linked to pleasure, reward, and motivation
#16
According to Erik Erikson's psychosocial theory, what is the primary developmental task during adolescence?
Identity vs. Role Confusion
ExplanationStruggle to form a stable identity amidst societal pressures
#17
Which perspective in psychology emphasizes the role of mental processes, such as perception, memory, and problem-solving?
Cognitive perspective
ExplanationFocuses on internal mental processes and how they influence behavior
#18
Who proposed the hierarchy of needs in human motivation?
Abraham Maslow
ExplanationHierarchy of innate human needs, from basic survival to self-actualization
#19
Which area of the brain is associated with the processing of emotions, such as fear and pleasure?
Amygdala
ExplanationAlmond-shaped structure involved in emotional responses and memory
#20
Who is known for his research on obedience and the Milgram experiment?
Stanley Milgram
ExplanationConducted studies on authority obedience, famously the Milgram experiment
#21
Who is credited with the development of the first comprehensive intelligence test?
Alfred Binet
ExplanationCreated the Binet-Simon intelligence scale for measuring cognitive abilities
#22
Which concept suggests that people tend to prefer consistency and avoid inconsistency in their beliefs and attitudes?
Cognitive dissonance
ExplanationPreference for harmony among thoughts and behaviors
#23
Who developed the theory of multiple intelligences, suggesting that intelligence is not a single, fixed trait?
Howard Gardner
ExplanationProposed theory of multiple intelligences, highlighting diverse cognitive abilities
#24
What is the primary focus of the ecological systems theory in developmental psychology?
The impact of society and environment on development
ExplanationStudies how social and environmental factors influence individual growth
#25
What is the main idea behind the Stanford prison experiment conducted by Philip Zimbardo?
The power of situational factors in shaping behavior
ExplanationDemonstrated how environmental factors can influence behavior drastically