#1
Who is often referred to as the 'Father of Psychology'?
Wilhelm Wundt
ExplanationEstablished the first psychology laboratory in 1879.
#2
Who is known for the theory of classical conditioning, involving the association of stimuli and responses?
Ivan Pavlov
ExplanationDiscovered the conditioned reflex through experiments with dogs.
#3
What is the primary focus of positive psychology?
Promoting well-being and strengths
ExplanationShifts focus from pathology to enhancing positive aspects of human experience.
#4
Who developed the theory of operant conditioning, which involves the consequences of behavior influencing its likelihood of occurrence?
B.F. Skinner
ExplanationExplored how consequences shape behavior through reinforcement and punishment.
#5
Who is often credited with the establishment of the first psychology laboratory in 1879?
Wilhelm Wundt
ExplanationPioneered the establishment of the first experimental psychology laboratory.
#6
What is the main focus of behaviorism in psychology?
Observable behavior
ExplanationEmphasizes studying and understanding observable actions.
#7
Who developed the hierarchy of needs theory?
Abraham Maslow
ExplanationProposed a motivational theory based on human needs and priorities.
#8
Which psychological perspective emphasizes the role of unconscious conflicts and desires in shaping behavior?
Psychoanalytic theory
ExplanationFocuses on the impact of the unconscious mind on behavior.
#9
Who developed the concept of archetypes and the collective unconscious in analytical psychology?
Carl Jung
ExplanationExplored universal symbols and the collective unconscious in human experiences.
#10
Who developed the concept of the 'zone of proximal development' in the field of educational psychology?
Lev Vygotsky
ExplanationFocused on the range of tasks a learner can perform with assistance but not independently.
#11
Who is associated with the concept of 'identity crisis' in the psychosocial development stages?
Erik Erikson
ExplanationExplored the psychological conflicts shaping human development, including identity crisis.
#12
What is the concept of 'tabula rasa' associated with in psychology?
Empiricism
ExplanationThe belief that the mind is a blank slate shaped by experience and observation.
#13
Who proposed the cognitive development theory, including stages like 'sensorimotor' and 'concrete operational'?
Jean Piaget
ExplanationPioneer in the study of how children's thinking develops over time.
#14
In the context of social cognitive theory, what does self-efficacy refer to?
Belief in one's ability to perform specific tasks
ExplanationIndividual's confidence in their capability to execute actions successfully.
#15
What is the central idea behind the biopsychosocial model of health and illness?
Integration of biological, psychological, and social factors
ExplanationConsiders the combined impact of biological, psychological, and social elements on health.
#16
In the context of personality assessment, which of the following is a projective test?
Rorschach Inkblot Test
ExplanationA subjective test using ambiguous stimuli to reveal aspects of an individual's personality.
#17
Who is known for the social cognitive theory and the concept of reciprocal determinism?
Albert Bandura
ExplanationEmphasized the role of observational learning and the bidirectional influence of behavior and environment.