#1
Which of the following is a key component in firm decision making?
Systematic analysis
ExplanationMethodical evaluation plays a crucial role in decision-making processes within firms.
#2
What does the term 'profit maximization' refer to in economics?
Maximizing the difference between revenue and costs
ExplanationProfit maximization involves optimizing the surplus between income and expenses.
#3
What is the formula for calculating total revenue?
Total Revenue = Price × Quantity Sold
ExplanationTotal revenue equals the product of price and quantity sold.
#4
What does the term 'marginal cost' represent in economics?
The additional cost of producing one more unit of output
ExplanationMarginal cost signifies the extra expense incurred by producing an additional unit.
#5
What is the primary objective of a cost-benefit analysis?
To maximize benefits
ExplanationCost-benefit analysis aims to optimize outcomes by maximizing benefits.
#6
Which of the following is NOT a component of the total cost?
Marginal costs
ExplanationMarginal costs are not a part of total costs but rather incremental costs per unit.
#7
In cost-volume-profit analysis, what does the term 'break-even point' represent?
The point at which total revenue equals total cost
ExplanationBreak-even point signifies the equilibrium where revenue matches costs.
#8
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of perfect competition?
Barriers to entry
ExplanationPerfect competition is defined by easy market access without impediments.
#9
Which of the following is a characteristic of a perfectly competitive market?
High level of market transparency
ExplanationPerfect competition thrives on transparent information dissemination.
#10
Which of the following is an example of a fixed cost for a manufacturing firm?
Rent for factory space
ExplanationFixed costs remain constant regardless of production levels, such as factory rent.
#11
What is the formula for calculating economic profit?
Economic Profit = Total Revenue - Total Cost
ExplanationEconomic profit is derived from subtracting total cost from total revenue.
#12
Which of the following is NOT a type of market structure?
Monopsony
ExplanationMonopsony is not a recognized market structure but rather a form of imperfect competition.
#13
What is the primary goal of managerial decision-making in firms?
Maximizing shareholder wealth
ExplanationManagerial decisions primarily aim to enhance shareholder value.
#14
In a monopolistic market, how does a firm determine its profit-maximizing level of output?
By producing where marginal revenue equals marginal cost
ExplanationProfit maximization in monopoly occurs at the intersection of marginal revenue and marginal cost.
#15
In a profit-maximizing firm, what is the relationship between marginal cost (MC) and marginal revenue (MR) at the optimal output level?
MC = MR
ExplanationAt optimal output, marginal cost equals marginal revenue in a profit-maximizing firm.
#16
What is the primary assumption of the neoclassical economic theory regarding firm behavior?
Firms seek to maximize profits
ExplanationNeoclassical economics presumes firms operate with the aim of profit maximization.
#17
Which of the following is a characteristic of a monopoly market structure?
High barriers to entry
ExplanationMonopoly markets feature significant barriers preventing new entrants.
#18
What is the relationship between marginal product of labor (MPL) and total product of labor (TPL)?
MPL < TPL
ExplanationThe marginal product of labor is typically less than the total product of labor.