#1
Which of the following measures the dispersion of returns for a security or investment portfolio?
Standard deviation
ExplanationStandard deviation measures the extent to which returns deviate from the mean return.
#2
Which of the following is NOT a measure of investment risk?
Sharpe ratio
ExplanationSharpe ratio is a measure of risk-adjusted return, not a standalone measure of risk.
#3
What does the Sharpe ratio measure?
Volatility per unit of return
ExplanationSharpe ratio evaluates the risk-adjusted return, assessing how much excess return an investment generates per unit of volatility.
#4
What is the primary purpose of beta in finance?
To measure the sensitivity of a stock's returns to the market
ExplanationBeta quantifies a stock's volatility relative to the market, indicating its sensitivity to market movements.
#5
What is the purpose of the information ratio in investment analysis?
To measure the risk-adjusted return of an investment
ExplanationInformation ratio assesses the return of an investment adjusted for its risk, helping to evaluate investment performance.
#6
What does the term 'alpha' represent in finance?
The excess return of an investment compared to a benchmark
ExplanationAlpha indicates the additional return generated by an investment beyond what would be expected given its risk level and market conditions.
#7
What is the purpose of the Treynor ratio in investment analysis?
To measure the risk-adjusted return per unit of systematic risk
ExplanationTreynor ratio assesses the return earned in excess of the risk-free rate per unit of systematic risk.
#8
What is the primary objective of Value at Risk (VaR) measurement?
To estimate the potential loss in value of a portfolio over a specific time horizon
ExplanationValue at Risk (VaR) quantifies the maximum potential loss that a portfolio may face within a given time frame at a certain confidence level.
#9
What is the formula for calculating the compound annual growth rate (CAGR)?
[(Ending Value / Beginning Value) ^ (1 / Number of Years)] - 1
ExplanationCAGR computes the annual growth rate of an investment over a specified time period.
#10
Which of the following represents a lower level of risk according to the capital asset pricing model (CAPM)?
A stock with a beta of 0.8
ExplanationA lower beta indicates lower volatility and thus lower risk, according to CAPM.
#11
What does the Sortino ratio focus on in investment analysis?
Volatility to the downside
ExplanationSortino ratio emphasizes the downside risk by considering only volatility related to negative returns.
#12
In the context of investments, what does the term 'drawdown' refer to?
The maximum peak-to-trough decline in the value of an investment
ExplanationDrawdown measures the largest decrease in value experienced by an investment during a specific period.
#13
What is the formula to calculate the Treynor ratio?
(Portfolio return - Risk-free rate) / Beta
ExplanationTreynor ratio formula calculates the excess return adjusted for systematic risk.
#14
Which of the following statements about the Fama-French three-factor model is true?
It incorporates three factors: market risk, size, and value
ExplanationThe Fama-French model considers three factors to explain stock returns: market risk, size, and value.