#1
Which of the following is NOT a factor influencing research validity?
Researcher's gender
ExplanationResearcher's gender is not a typical factor influencing research validity.
#2
Which type of validity refers to the extent to which the findings can be generalized to other populations, settings, and times?
External validity
ExplanationExternal validity concerns the generalizability of findings across different conditions.
#3
What is a common method to reduce demand characteristics in an experiment?
Use of a double-blind procedure
ExplanationA double-blind procedure helps minimize demand characteristics by keeping both participants and experimenters unaware of critical information.
#4
Which of the following is a threat to internal validity?
Hawthorne effect
ExplanationThe Hawthorne effect poses a risk to internal validity, as participants may alter behavior due to awareness of being studied.
#5
What is the term for the situation where participants' behavior changes because they know they are being observed?
Demand characteristics
ExplanationDemand characteristics refer to changes in behavior when participants know they are being observed in a study.
#6
Which of the following is NOT a potential source of participant response bias?
Observer bias
ExplanationObserver bias is not a direct source of participant response bias in research studies.
#7
What is the term for the tendency of participants to behave differently because they know they are being studied?
Hawthorne effect
ExplanationThe Hawthorne effect describes changes in participant behavior due to the awareness of being studied.
#8
Which of the following is a method to enhance the construct validity of a study?
Using multiple measures of the same construct
ExplanationConstruct validity is improved by employing multiple measures for the same construct, ensuring robust and accurate assessments.
#9
Which of the following best describes the term 'experimenter bias'?
When the experimenter's expectations influence the outcome of the study
ExplanationExperimenter bias occurs when the expectations of the experimenter affect the study's results.
#10
What is the term for the phenomenon where individuals in a study alter their behavior due to their belief about the purpose of the study?
Demand characteristics
ExplanationDemand characteristics describe changes in behavior based on participants' beliefs about the study's purpose.
#11
How does the experimenter's bias impact the validity of an experiment?
It introduces systematic errors into the study
ExplanationExperimenter bias introduces systematic errors, compromising the validity of experimental results.