#1
Which of the following is NOT a measure of central tendency?
Standard deviation
ExplanationStandard deviation measures variability, not central tendency.
#2
What is the purpose of a control group in an experiment?
To provide a baseline for comparison with the experimental group
ExplanationControl groups establish a reference point for evaluating treatment effects.
#3
What is the purpose of debriefing in psychological research?
To explain the purpose of the study to participants after their involvement
ExplanationDebriefing informs participants about the study's objectives and addresses any concerns.
#4
What is the purpose of informed consent in psychological research?
To ensure that participants are aware of the risks and benefits of participation
ExplanationInformed consent ensures participants make voluntary and informed decisions about participation.
#5
What is the purpose of a placebo in experimental research?
To control for the placebo effect
ExplanationPlacebos help distinguish between the psychological effects of treatment and placebo.
#6
What is the purpose of random assignment in experimental research?
To ensure that each participant has an equal chance of being assigned to any experimental group
ExplanationRandom assignment reduces bias by ensuring equal distribution among groups.
#7
Which of the following is a type of non-experimental research design?
Correlational study
ExplanationCorrelational studies explore relationships between variables without manipulation.
#8
What is the purpose of inferential statistics?
To make inferences or predictions about a population based on sample data
ExplanationInferential statistics generalize sample data to populations.
#9
What is the term for the phenomenon where participants in a study alter their behavior because they know they are being observed?
Hawthorne effect
ExplanationThe Hawthorne effect refers to behavior changes due to awareness of being studied.
#10
In a factorial design, how many independent variables are manipulated?
Two or more
ExplanationFactorial designs involve manipulating multiple independent variables.
#11
Which of the following is a characteristic of a true experiment?
Random assignment of participants to groups
ExplanationTrue experiments use random assignment to reduce bias and establish causality.
#12
Which of the following is a measure of variability?
Standard deviation
ExplanationStandard deviation quantifies the spread or dispersion of data points.
#13
What does a p-value indicate in hypothesis testing?
The probability of obtaining the observed results by chance alone
ExplanationP-value assesses the likelihood of observing results purely by random chance.
#14
Which type of reliability refers to the consistency of results over time?
Test-retest reliability
ExplanationTest-retest reliability assesses the stability of measurements across repeated assessments.
#15
What is the primary purpose of conducting a literature review in psychological research?
To identify gaps in existing knowledge
ExplanationLiterature reviews establish a foundation by summarizing existing research and identifying research gaps.
#16
What is the purpose of a factorial design in research?
To manipulate multiple independent variables
ExplanationFactorial designs allow researchers to study the effects of multiple independent variables.