#1
What is the first step in the experimental method?
Observation
ExplanationInitial data collection and awareness of phenomena.
#2
What is the role of informed consent in experimental research?
To obtain participants' voluntary agreement to participate after being informed of the study's purpose and procedures
ExplanationEnsuring participants' voluntary agreement post-information.
#3
Which of the following is an independent variable?
The variable that is manipulated by the researcher
ExplanationManipulated factor influencing the outcome.
#4
What is a placebo in experimental research?
A fake treatment with no therapeutic effect
ExplanationDummy intervention for control purposes.
#5
What is a confounding variable in experimental research?
An extraneous variable that interferes with the study results
ExplanationExternal factor impacting study outcomes.
#6
In a double-blind experiment, who is unaware of the experimental conditions?
Both the participants and the researchers
ExplanationEnsures unbiased observations and results.
#7
What is the purpose of debriefing in experimental research?
To fully explain the purpose and procedures of the study after its completion
ExplanationInforming participants post-study for transparency.
#8
Which of the following is a threat to internal validity in experimental research?
Demand characteristics
ExplanationCues revealing the study's purpose affecting results.
#9
What is the purpose of counterbalancing in experimental design?
To evenly distribute the order of experimental conditions among participants
ExplanationBalancing order effects across participant groups.
#10
What is the purpose of a literature review in the experimental research process?
To provide a summary of existing research relevant to the study
ExplanationSummarizing existing relevant research.
#11
What is the purpose of statistical analysis in experimental research?
To make sense of the data and draw conclusions about the study's findings
ExplanationInterpreting data for study conclusion.
#12
What is the purpose of a debriefing in experimental research?
To fully explain the purpose and procedures of the study after its completion
ExplanationComprehensive post-study explanation for participants.
#13
What does the term 'random assignment' mean in experimental design?
Assigning participants to groups by chance
ExplanationUnbiased allocation of participants to groups.
#14
What is the purpose of a control group in an experiment?
To provide a baseline for comparison
ExplanationReference group for measuring treatment effects.
#15
What is the purpose of random sampling in experimental research?
To ensure that all participants have an equal chance of being selected
ExplanationPromotes representative participant selection.
#16
What is a quasi-experimental design?
A study that examines cause-and-effect relationships without random assignment
ExplanationResearch without true randomization.
#17
What is the difference between internal and external validity in experimental research?
Internal validity refers to the accuracy of the measurements, while external validity refers to the generalizability of the results.
ExplanationAccuracy of measurements vs. generalizability of results.
#18
What is the difference between a between-subjects design and a within-subjects design?
Between-subjects design involves manipulating the independent variable for each participant, while within-subjects design involves using the same participants for all conditions.
ExplanationManipulating vs. using the same participants across conditions.
#19
What is the purpose of a pilot study in experimental research?
To test and refine the procedures of the study before the main experiment
ExplanationPre-testing to optimize main study procedures.
#20
What is a factorial design in experimental research?
A design with multiple independent variables that are manipulated in a systematic way
ExplanationStudy with multiple systematically manipulated factors.
#21
Which of the following is a quasi-independent variable?
A variable that is selected, not manipulated, and used to create groups for comparison
ExplanationVariable chosen, not manipulated, for group comparison.