#1
Which of the following is a characteristic of a good experimental design?
Random assignment of subjects to groups
ExplanationEnsures unbiased distribution of variables, minimizing confounding factors.
#2
What is the purpose of a control group in an experiment?
To provide a standard for comparison
ExplanationEstablishes baseline for assessing the impact of the independent variable.
#3
What is the term used to describe the extent to which a measurement tool accurately assesses the variable it is intended to measure?
Validity
ExplanationThe degree to which a test measures what it claims to measure.
#4
What is the term used to describe the variable that is intentionally changed by the experimenter?
Independent variable
ExplanationManipulated to observe its effect on the dependent variable.
#5
Which of the following is NOT a type of experimental design?
Cohort study design
ExplanationCohort study design is an observational, not experimental, approach.
#6
What is the difference between a cross-sectional and longitudinal study?
Cross-sectional studies observe subjects at a single time point, while longitudinal studies observe subjects at multiple time points.
ExplanationCross-sectional captures data at a specific moment, longitudinal tracks changes over time.
#7
What is the purpose of blinding in experimental design?
To prevent participants from knowing which treatment they are receiving
ExplanationReduces bias by preventing participants' expectations from influencing outcomes.
#8
What is a potential limitation of using convenience sampling in experimental research?
It may introduce selection bias
ExplanationNon-random selection may lead to unrepresentative samples.
#9
What is the purpose of randomization in experimental design?
To ensure that every participant has an equal chance of being assigned to any group
ExplanationMinimizes selection bias and confounding variables.
#10
Which of the following is a potential disadvantage of using a pretest-posttest design?
Increased risk of history effects
ExplanationExternal events may confound results between pretest and posttest.
#11
In a factorial design, how are different levels of two or more independent variables combined?
By crossing each level of one variable with each level of another variable
ExplanationExplores interactions between multiple independent variables.
#12
What is the term used to describe the extent to which the results of an experiment can be generalized to other populations, settings, and times?
External validity
ExplanationThe applicability of study findings beyond the immediate context.
#13
Which of the following is a key advantage of using a randomized controlled trial (RCT) in experimental design?
Minimization of confounding variables
ExplanationRandomization enhances internal validity by controlling extraneous variables.