Experimental Design Quiz

Ensures unbiased distribution of variables, minimizing confounding factors.

Establishes baseline for assessing the impact of the independent variable.

The degree to which a test measures what it claims to measure.

Manipulated to observe its effect on the dependent variable.

Cohort study design is an observational, not experimental, approach.

Cross-sectional captures data at a specific moment, longitudinal tracks changes over time.

Reduces bias by preventing participants' expectations from influencing outcomes.

Non-random selection may lead to unrepresentative samples.

An extraneous variable that correlates with both the independent and dependent variables.

Altered behavior due to awareness of being studied rather than the intervention itself.

Lacks random assignment but includes a control group.

Unintended cues that reveal the study's purpose, influencing participant behavior.

Assesses practical aspects and identifies potential issues before conducting the full-scale study.

Convenience sampling is a non-probability sampling method.

Results may not be representative of the broader population.

Minimizes selection bias and confounding variables.

External events may confound results between pretest and posttest.

Explores interactions between multiple independent variables.

The applicability of study findings beyond the immediate context.

Randomization enhances internal validity by controlling extraneous variables.

Minimizes individual differences, increasing sensitivity to treatment effects.

Pairs subjects based on relevant characteristics, reducing individual variability.

Attrition primarily affects external validity, not internal validity.

Adjusts for pre-existing differences among groups, enhancing precision in estimating treatment effects.

Ensures equal distribution of characteristics, enhancing internal validity.