#1
Which of the following is a key component of experimental design?
Hypothesis
ExplanationFoundation for investigation and prediction.
#2
What is the purpose of a control group in an experiment?
To provide a baseline for comparison with the experimental group
ExplanationEstablishing treatment efficacy.
#3
What does random assignment refer to in experimental design?
Assigning participants to groups by chance
ExplanationMinimizing bias in group selection.
#4
What is a placebo in experimental research?
A fake treatment with no therapeutic effect
ExplanationUsed as a comparison to evaluate treatment efficacy.
#5
What is a within-subjects design in experimental research?
An experiment where each participant is exposed to all levels of the independent variable
ExplanationMaximizing participant comparison efficiency.
#6
What is the purpose of replication in experimental research?
To repeat the experiment using the same methods to ensure reliability
ExplanationConfirming consistency and reliability of results.
#7
Which of the following is an example of a factorial design?
A study examining the effects of both gender and age on reaction time
ExplanationAnalyzing multiple independent variables simultaneously.
#8
What is a confounding variable in an experiment?
A variable that influences both the independent and dependent variables
ExplanationObscures the relationship between variables.
#9
In experimental design, what does counterbalancing refer to?
Balancing the use of different experimental conditions across participants
ExplanationEqualizing order effects in treatments.
#10
What is the difference between internal validity and external validity in experimental research?
Internal validity refers to the degree to which the experimental design allows causal inferences, while external validity refers to the extent to which findings can be generalized to other populations or settings.
ExplanationInternal: Causal relationships; External: Generalizability.
#11
What is a double-blind procedure in experimental research?
A procedure where both the participants and the researcher are unaware of the experimental conditions
ExplanationMinimizing bias in data collection and interpretation.
#12
What is the difference between a quasi-experiment and a true experiment?
Quasi-experiments do not involve manipulation of the independent variable, while true experiments do.
ExplanationManipulation of independent variable distinguishes true experiments.