#1
What is the independent variable in an experiment?
The variable that is manipulated
ExplanationVariable being controlled to observe its effect
#2
What is the purpose of a control group in an experiment?
To provide a comparison for the experimental group
ExplanationGroup that does not receive treatment for comparison
#3
Which of the following is an example of a quasi-experimental design?
Cross-sectional study
ExplanationObservational study with non-randomized groups
#4
What is the purpose of a placebo in experimental design?
To control for the placebo effect
ExplanationUsed to separate treatment effects from psychological effects
#5
Which of the following is a potential disadvantage of a single-blind study?
Participant bias
ExplanationSubject bias due to knowledge of treatment
#6
What is a between-subjects design?
An experiment where different groups of participants are exposed to different conditions
ExplanationParticipants in different groups receive different treatments
#7
What is a factorial design in experimental psychology?
An experimental design that involves manipulating multiple independent variables
ExplanationStudy design with multiple manipulated factors
#8
What is the purpose of random assignment in experimental design?
To ensure that each participant has an equal chance of being in any condition
ExplanationAllocation of participants to conditions by chance
#9
What is a within-subjects design in experimental psychology?
An experimental design that involves each participant being exposed to all conditions
ExplanationParticipants experience all experimental conditions
#10
Which of the following is a disadvantage of a within-subjects design?
Order effects may occur
ExplanationPotential bias due to order of treatments
#11
What is a confounding variable in experimental design?
A variable that is not accounted for and affects the results
ExplanationUndetected variable influencing outcome
#12
What is ecological validity in experimental design?
The extent to which findings can be generalized to real-world settings
ExplanationDegree of applicability to real-life situations
#13
What is the purpose of counterbalancing in experimental design?
To control for order effects
ExplanationTo offset order-related biases
#14
Which of the following is an example of a mixed design in psychology?
Repeated measures design
ExplanationCombination of within-subjects and between-subjects designs
#15
What is the purpose of debriefing in experimental research?
To inform participants of the study's purpose after it is completed
ExplanationPost-study explanation to participants
#16
What is the difference between internal validity and external validity in experimental research?
Internal validity refers to the extent to which the study's design allows causal inferences, while external validity refers to the generalizability of results to other populations
ExplanationInternal: confidence in causality; External: generalizability