#1
What is the purpose of blinding in a clinical trial?
To prevent bias in the assessment of outcomes
ExplanationPrevents outcome assessment bias
#2
Which of the following is NOT a measure of central tendency?
Variance
ExplanationNot a measure of central tendency
#3
Which of the following is a measure of the spread or dispersion of data?
Standard deviation
ExplanationMeasure of data spread or dispersion
#4
What is the purpose of a control group in an experiment?
To provide a baseline for comparison to the experimental group
ExplanationProvides baseline for comparison
#5
Which of the following is NOT a requirement for conducting a valid experiment?
Matching
ExplanationNot a requirement for valid experiment
#6
What is the purpose of randomization in experimental design?
To minimize the effects of confounding variables
ExplanationMinimizes confounding variables
#7
Which statistical test is appropriate for comparing the means of two independent groups?
Independent samples t-test
ExplanationCompares means of independent groups
#8
In a normal distribution, what percentage of the data falls within one standard deviation of the mean?
68%
Explanation68% of data within one standard deviation
#9
What is the purpose of a pilot study in research?
To test the feasibility of the research design and procedures
ExplanationTests feasibility of research design
#10
Which statistical test is appropriate for determining the association between two categorical variables?
Chi-square test
ExplanationDetermines association between categorical variables
#11
What does the p-value in hypothesis testing represent?
The probability of obtaining the observed results if the null hypothesis is true
ExplanationProbability of observed results under null hypothesis
#12
Which of the following best describes a factorial design in experimental research?
A design where multiple independent variables are manipulated simultaneously
ExplanationMultiple independent variables manipulated
#13
What is the formula for calculating the coefficient of determination (R-squared) in linear regression?
1 - (SSE / SST)
ExplanationFormula for R-squared in linear regression
#14
What is the purpose of a crossover design in clinical trials?
To minimize carryover effects from one treatment period to another
ExplanationMinimizes carryover effects
#15
What is the primary purpose of an intention-to-treat analysis in clinical trials?
To account for all randomized participants, regardless of their adherence to the assigned treatment
ExplanationAccounts for all randomized participants