#1
Which of the following is a mechanism of evolution?
Natural selection
ExplanationNatural selection: It favors advantageous traits, driving evolutionary change.
#2
What is meant by genetic variation?
The presence of different alleles in a population
ExplanationGenetic variation: Diversity of alleles within a population.
#3
What does genetic drift refer to in population genetics?
The random fluctuation of allele frequencies in a population
ExplanationGenetic drift: Random events cause changes in allele frequencies over time.
#4
What is a gene flow?
The transfer of genes between populations
ExplanationGene flow: Movement of individuals brings genetic variation to new populations.
#5
Which of the following is an example of a genetic bottleneck?
A sudden decrease in population size due to a natural disaster
ExplanationGenetic bottleneck: Population size shrinks, reducing genetic diversity.
#6
What is meant by the term 'allele frequency'?
The proportion of individuals with a particular genotype in a population
ExplanationAllele frequency: Measure of how common a specific allele is in a population.
#7
What role does mutation play in evolution?
Introduces new genetic variation into populations
ExplanationMutation: Source of new genetic traits, driving evolutionary change.
#8
What is the founder effect?
A type of genetic drift where a small group establishes a new population
ExplanationFounder effect: Small group establishes a new population with limited genetic diversity.
#9
What is the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?
A state where allele frequencies in a population remain constant over generations
ExplanationHardy-Weinberg equilibrium: Ideal state where allele frequencies remain stable.
#10
What is directional selection?
A form of natural selection where extreme phenotypes are favored over intermediate phenotypes
ExplanationDirectional selection: Environment favors one extreme phenotype, shifting population traits.
#11
What is the effect of genetic drift on small populations?
Genetic drift can lead to significant changes in allele frequencies
ExplanationGenetic drift in small populations: Random events have a big impact on allele frequencies.
#12
What is the difference between gene flow and genetic drift?
Gene flow involves the movement of individuals between populations, while genetic drift refers to random changes in allele frequencies
ExplanationGene flow vs. genetic drift: Gene flow is migration, genetic drift is random changes.