#1
What is a point estimate?
An estimate that specifies a single value as the best guess for the parameter of interest
ExplanationSingle-value best guess for a parameter
#2
What is the formula for the standard error of the mean?
Standard deviation / Square root of sample size
ExplanationSE of mean = SD / √n
#3
Which of the following is NOT a common sampling method?
Quota sampling
ExplanationNot a common sampling method
#4
What is the difference between a population and a sample?
A sample is a subset of a population
ExplanationSample is a subset of population
#5
What is the difference between a parameter and a statistic?
A parameter is a measure of a population characteristic, while a statistic is a measure of a sample characteristic
ExplanationParameter: population, Statistic: sample
#6
What is sampling distribution?
A distribution of sample statistics
ExplanationDistribution of sample statistics
#7
What is the purpose of a confidence interval?
To estimate the range within which the population parameter is likely to lie
ExplanationEstimate range of population parameter
#8
What is the central limit theorem?
A theorem that describes the distribution of a sample mean
ExplanationDescribes distribution of sample mean
#9
Which of the following statements about sampling distributions is true?
As the sample size increases, the standard error of the mean decreases
ExplanationLarger sample, smaller SE of mean
#10
What is the margin of error in a confidence interval?
The maximum amount by which the sample statistic is expected to differ from the true population parameter
ExplanationMaximum difference in statistic and parameter
#11
What is bootstrapping in statistics?
A method for estimating the sampling distribution of a statistic by repeatedly resampling with replacement from the observed data
ExplanationEstimating sampling distribution through resampling
#12
Which of the following statements about sampling bias is true?
Sampling bias occurs when the sample does not accurately represent the population
ExplanationSampling bias: inaccurate representation
#13
What is the purpose of stratified sampling?
To divide the population into groups based on similar characteristics
ExplanationDividing population into similar groups
#14
What is the standard deviation of a sampling distribution called?
Standard error
ExplanationSD of sampling distribution is SE
#15
What does the standard error of the mean represent?
The variability of sample means across different samples
ExplanationSE of mean measures variability
#16
Which of the following factors affects the width of a confidence interval?
All of the above
ExplanationMultiple factors affect CI width
#17
What is the relationship between confidence level and margin of error?
As the confidence level increases, the margin of error increases
ExplanationHigher confidence, larger margin of error
#18
Which of the following sampling methods is likely to introduce bias?
Convenience sampling
ExplanationConvenience sampling introduces bias
#19
What is meant by a representative sample?
A sample that accurately reflects the characteristics of the population from which it is drawn
ExplanationSample accurately reflects population
#20
In statistical terms, what does 'sampling with replacement' mean?
Selecting individuals for the sample and then replacing them back into the population before the next selection
ExplanationResampling with replacement
#21
What is the primary purpose of stratified sampling?
To reduce sampling error by accounting for differences in the population
ExplanationReducing sampling error through accounting
#22
Which of the following statements about the standard error of the mean is true?
It measures the variability of sample means across different samples
ExplanationSE of mean measures variability
#23
In hypothesis testing, what does a p-value represent?
The probability of obtaining the observed data, or more extreme data, assuming the null hypothesis is true
ExplanationProbability under null hypothesis
#24
What is the formula for the margin of error in a confidence interval for a population mean?
Z * (Standard deviation / Square root of sample size)
ExplanationMargin of error formula
#25
What is the formula for calculating the confidence interval for a population proportion?
Sample proportion ± (Z * Standard error)
ExplanationCI formula for population proportion