#1
Which of the following best describes epigenetics?
The study of changes in gene expression that do not involve changes to the underlying DNA sequence
ExplanationEpigenetics focuses on gene expression changes unrelated to DNA sequence alterations.
#2
What is the role of DNA methylation in epigenetic regulation?
It decreases gene expression
ExplanationDNA methylation suppresses gene expression levels.
#3
Which of the following is an example of an epigenetic modification?
Histone acetylation
ExplanationHistone acetylation is a form of epigenetic modification.
#4
What is the significance of histone acetylation in gene expression?
It promotes gene expression
ExplanationHistone acetylation enhances gene expression levels.
#5
Which enzyme is responsible for adding methyl groups to DNA during DNA methylation?
Methyltransferase
ExplanationMethyltransferase is the enzyme responsible for DNA methylation by adding methyl groups.
#6
What is the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in post-transcriptional gene regulation?
They inhibit translation of mRNA into proteins
ExplanationMicroRNAs inhibit mRNA translation, thereby regulating protein production post-transcription.
#7
Which statement best describes the relationship between epigenetics and development?
Epigenetic changes can influence development without altering the DNA sequence
ExplanationEpigenetic changes can impact development independently of DNA sequence alterations.
#8
What is the primary difference between DNA methylation and histone modification?
DNA methylation involves the addition of methyl groups to DNA, while histone modification involves changes to histone proteins
ExplanationDNA methylation adds methyl groups to DNA, whereas histone modification alters histone proteins.
#9
How do environmental factors such as diet and stress influence epigenetic modifications?
They can alter epigenetic marks, potentially affecting gene expression
ExplanationEnvironmental factors like diet and stress can change epigenetic marks, impacting gene expression.
#10
Which of the following statements about epigenetic inheritance is true?
Epigenetic marks can be erased and reestablished during development
ExplanationEpigenetic marks can be reset during development, influencing inheritance.
#11
What is the function of epigenetic marks in the context of cell differentiation?
They promote cell differentiation
ExplanationEpigenetic marks facilitate and guide the process of cell differentiation.