#1
Which of the following is a measure of disease frequency in a population?
Prevalence
ExplanationPrevalence measures the total number of cases of a disease in a population at a specific time.
#2
What does the term 'epidemiology' refer to?
Study of the distribution and determinants of health-related events in populations
ExplanationEpidemiology is the study of how diseases spread and their impact on populations.
#3
Which of the following is NOT a factor contributing to the spread of infectious diseases?
Vaccination
ExplanationVaccination helps prevent the spread of infectious diseases by building immunity in populations.
#4
What is the basic reproductive number (R0) in epidemiology?
The average number of secondary cases produced by a single infected individual in a susceptible population
ExplanationR0 indicates the potential for disease spread; it represents the average number of new cases generated by one infected individual in a susceptible population.
#5
Which of the following is an example of a non-communicable disease?
Diabetes
ExplanationNon-communicable diseases are not caused by infectious agents and cannot be transmitted between individuals, such as diabetes.
#6
Which statistical measure indicates the spread of disease in a population?
Variance
ExplanationVariance measures the dispersion or spread of values in a data set, not specifically disease spread in a population.
#7
What is the difference between incidence and prevalence?
Incidence is the rate of new cases, while prevalence is the total number of cases in a population.
ExplanationIncidence measures new cases of a disease over a specific period, while prevalence measures all existing cases at a given time.
#8
Which of the following is a vector-borne disease?
Malaria
ExplanationMalaria is transmitted to humans through the bite of infected mosquitoes, making it a vector-borne disease.
#9
What is herd immunity?
When a large proportion of the population is vaccinated, making it difficult for the disease to spread
ExplanationHerd immunity occurs when a significant portion of the population becomes immune to a disease, either through vaccination or previous infection, reducing the likelihood of disease spread.
#10
What is the difference between an epidemic and a pandemic?
A pandemic affects a larger population across multiple countries or continents.
ExplanationAn epidemic is the outbreak of a disease in a specific community or region, while a pandemic is the spread of a disease across a large population, often worldwide.
#11
What is an example of a common source outbreak?
An outbreak of measles due to contaminated food at a restaurant
ExplanationA common source outbreak occurs when individuals are exposed to a common source of infection, such as contaminated food or water.
#12
Which of the following is an example of a zoonotic disease?
Rabies
ExplanationRabies is a disease that primarily affects animals but can be transmitted to humans, making it a zoonotic disease.
#13
Which of the following is a common method used to control vector-borne diseases?
Indoor residual spraying of insecticides
ExplanationIndoor residual spraying involves applying insecticides to surfaces within homes to kill mosquitoes and reduce the transmission of vector-borne diseases like malaria.
#14
Which of the following is an example of a syndemic?
Simultaneous occurrence of obesity and diabetes in a community
ExplanationSyndemics refer to the interaction of two or more coexisting diseases, such as obesity and diabetes, which exacerbate each other's effects within a population.
#15
What is the role of a case-control study in epidemiology?
To identify risk factors associated with a specific disease by comparing cases to controls
ExplanationCase-control studies are observational studies used to identify factors that may contribute to the development of a particular disease by comparing individuals with the disease (cases) to those without it (controls).