#1
Who is considered the father of modern philosophy?
Rene Descartes
ExplanationKnown for his famous phrase 'Cogito, ergo sum' (I think, therefore I am).
#2
Which Enlightenment thinker is known for his defense of freedom of speech and separation of church and state?
Voltaire
ExplanationAdvocated for individual liberties and religious tolerance.
#3
Which Enlightenment thinker is associated with the idea of 'natural rights' and the pursuit of life, liberty, and property?
John Locke
ExplanationBelieved in inherent rights to life, liberty, and property.
#4
What was the main focus of Voltaire's work 'Candide'?
Satirical critique
ExplanationCritiqued society and the prevailing philosophical optimism.
#5
Which Enlightenment thinker is associated with the idea of 'tabula rasa' and the belief that individuals are born with a blank slate?
John Locke
ExplanationArgued that the mind is a blank slate at birth.
#6
Which Enlightenment thinker is known for his social contract theory?
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
ExplanationFamous for his work 'The Social Contract' advocating for the general will.
#7
What concept did Montesquieu contribute to political philosophy?
Separation of powers
ExplanationIntroduced the idea of dividing governmental powers.
#8
Which Enlightenment thinker is known for his skepticism and the phrase 'Cogito, ergo sum' (I think, therefore I am)?
Rene Descartes
ExplanationFamous for his rationalist approach to philosophy.
#9
What is the central concept in John Locke's political philosophy?
Tabula rasa
ExplanationRefers to the theory that individuals are born without innate ideas.
#10
What concept did Denis Diderot contribute to Enlightenment thought through his role in the Encyclopédie?
Freedom of the press
ExplanationPromoted freedom of expression through the publication of diverse ideas.
#11
Which Enlightenment thinker is associated with the idea of the 'invisible hand' in economics?
Adam Smith
ExplanationPioneered the concept in 'The Wealth of Nations'.
#12
What was the main focus of Mary Wollstonecraft's work 'A Vindication of the Rights of Woman'?
Equality in education
ExplanationAdvocated for equal educational opportunities for women.
#13
What concept did Cesare Beccaria contribute to Enlightenment thought?
Rule of law
ExplanationEmphasized fair and consistent application of laws.
#14
Which Enlightenment thinker is associated with the idea of 'general will' and the concept of popular sovereignty?
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
ExplanationBelieved in the sovereignty of the people and their collective will.
#15
Which Enlightenment thinker is known for his essay 'What is Enlightenment?' advocating for intellectual freedom and autonomy?
Immanuel Kant
ExplanationArgued for the use of reason and autonomy in thought.