#1
Which gland is often referred to as the 'master gland' of the endocrine system?
Pituitary gland
ExplanationThe pituitary gland controls and regulates the functions of other endocrine glands.
#2
Which hormone is responsible for regulating blood sugar levels in the body?
Insulin
ExplanationInsulin regulates blood sugar levels by facilitating glucose uptake into cells for energy.
#3
Which hormone is responsible for regulating the sleep-wake cycle?
Melatonin
ExplanationMelatonin regulates the sleep-wake cycle, influencing the body's circadian rhythm.
#4
Which of the following is a symptom of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)?
Ketosis
ExplanationKetosis is a symptom of DKA, a serious complication of diabetes marked by high ketone levels.
#5
Which gland produces cortisol, a hormone involved in the body's stress response?
Adrenal gland
ExplanationThe adrenal gland produces cortisol, playing a key role in the body's response to stress.
#6
What is the main function of the cerebellum in the brain?
Maintaining balance and coordination
ExplanationThe cerebellum plays a key role in coordinating muscle movements and maintaining balance.
#7
Which condition is characterized by an excessive production of thyroid hormones?
Graves' disease
ExplanationGraves' disease results in the overproduction of thyroid hormones, leading to hyperthyroidism.
#8
Which neurotransmitter is primarily associated with pleasure and reward?
Dopamine
ExplanationDopamine plays a central role in the brain's reward system, influencing pleasure and motivation.
#9
Which disorder is characterized by a sudden, uncontrolled electrical disturbance in the brain?
Epilepsy
ExplanationEpilepsy involves recurrent seizures, resulting from abnormal electrical activity in the brain.
#10
What is the primary hormone produced by the ovaries?
Estrogen
ExplanationEstrogen is the primary hormone produced by the ovaries, influencing female reproductive functions.
#11
What is the medical term for a sudden disruption of blood supply to the brain, resulting in neurological deficits?
Ischemic stroke
ExplanationAn ischemic stroke occurs when blood flow to the brain is blocked, causing neurological impairments.
#12
Which hormone is responsible for regulating calcium levels in the blood?
Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
ExplanationPTH regulates calcium levels by acting on the bones, kidneys, and intestines.
#13
Which neurotransmitter is associated with muscle movement and coordination?
Acetylcholine
ExplanationAcetylcholine is a neurotransmitter that plays a key role in muscle movement and coordination.
#14
Which neurotransmitter is associated with feelings of calmness and relaxation?
GABA
ExplanationGABA is a neurotransmitter that promotes feelings of calmness and relaxation in the brain.
#15
Which neurotransmitter is associated with the fight-or-flight response?
Adrenaline
ExplanationAdrenaline is a neurotransmitter associated with the body's fight-or-flight response, preparing for rapid action.