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Endocrine System and Neurological Emergencies Quiz

#1

Which gland is often referred to as the 'master gland' of the endocrine system?

Pituitary gland
Explanation

The pituitary gland controls and regulates the functions of other endocrine glands.

#2

Which hormone is responsible for regulating blood sugar levels in the body?

Insulin
Explanation

Insulin regulates blood sugar levels by facilitating glucose uptake into cells for energy.

#3

Which hormone is responsible for regulating the sleep-wake cycle?

Melatonin
Explanation

Melatonin regulates the sleep-wake cycle, influencing the body's circadian rhythm.

#4

Which of the following is a symptom of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)?

Ketosis
Explanation

Ketosis is a symptom of DKA, a serious complication of diabetes marked by high ketone levels.

#5

Which gland produces cortisol, a hormone involved in the body's stress response?

Adrenal gland
Explanation

The adrenal gland produces cortisol, playing a key role in the body's response to stress.

#6

What is the main function of the cerebellum in the brain?

Maintaining balance and coordination
Explanation

The cerebellum plays a key role in coordinating muscle movements and maintaining balance.

#7

Which condition is characterized by an excessive production of thyroid hormones?

Graves' disease
Explanation

Graves' disease results in the overproduction of thyroid hormones, leading to hyperthyroidism.

#8

Which neurotransmitter is primarily associated with pleasure and reward?

Dopamine
Explanation

Dopamine plays a central role in the brain's reward system, influencing pleasure and motivation.

#9

Which disorder is characterized by a sudden, uncontrolled electrical disturbance in the brain?

Epilepsy
Explanation

Epilepsy involves recurrent seizures, resulting from abnormal electrical activity in the brain.

#10

What is the primary hormone produced by the ovaries?

Estrogen
Explanation

Estrogen is the primary hormone produced by the ovaries, influencing female reproductive functions.

#11

What is the medical term for a sudden disruption of blood supply to the brain, resulting in neurological deficits?

Ischemic stroke
Explanation

An ischemic stroke occurs when blood flow to the brain is blocked, causing neurological impairments.

#12

Which hormone is responsible for regulating calcium levels in the blood?

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
Explanation

PTH regulates calcium levels by acting on the bones, kidneys, and intestines.

#13

Which neurotransmitter is associated with muscle movement and coordination?

Acetylcholine
Explanation

Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter that plays a key role in muscle movement and coordination.

#14

Which neurotransmitter is associated with feelings of calmness and relaxation?

GABA
Explanation

GABA is a neurotransmitter that promotes feelings of calmness and relaxation in the brain.

#15

Which neurotransmitter is associated with the fight-or-flight response?

Adrenaline
Explanation

Adrenaline is a neurotransmitter associated with the body's fight-or-flight response, preparing for rapid action.

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