#1
What is the recommended ratio of compressions to ventilations during CPR for adults?
30 compressions to 1 ventilation
ExplanationOptimal balance between chest compressions and breaths to maintain circulation and oxygenation.
#2
Which medication is commonly administered during cardiac arrest to improve chances of survival?
Epinephrine
ExplanationA potent vasopressor and bronchodilator, increases heart rate and blood pressure to support circulation.
#3
What is the recommended sequence of actions in basic life support (BLS)?
Give chest compressions, give rescue breaths, check for pulse
ExplanationSequential steps to restore circulation and oxygenation in a non-breathing, pulseless individual.
#4
What is the primary goal of administering oxygen during CPR?
To prevent hypoxemia
ExplanationEnsures sufficient oxygen supply to tissues, critical for maintaining cellular function.
#5
What is the recommended depth of chest compressions during CPR for adults?
2 inches
ExplanationSufficient depth to effectively pump blood, optimizing cardiac output during CPR.
#6
Which of the following drugs is a vasopressor commonly used in advanced cardiac life support (ACLS)?
Vasopressin
ExplanationConstricts blood vessels, elevates blood pressure, and improves coronary artery perfusion during CPR.
#7
What is the recommended depth of chest compressions during CPR for infants?
1.5 inches
ExplanationAppropriate depth for infants to maintain circulation without causing injury.
#8
Which of the following medications is commonly used to treat symptomatic bradycardia?
Atropine
ExplanationBlocks parasympathetic impulses, increasing heart rate and conduction through the AV node.
#9
Which medication is commonly used to treat ventricular fibrillation during advanced cardiovascular life support (ACLS)?
Amiodarone
ExplanationCorrects abnormal electrical activity in the heart, restoring normal rhythm.
#10
What is the recommended compression rate during CPR for all age groups?
100-120 compressions per minute
ExplanationMaintains adequate circulation, optimizing chances of successful resuscitation.
#11
What is the mechanism of action of epinephrine during cardiac arrest?
Increases heart rate and blood pressure
ExplanationStimulates adrenergic receptors, enhancing myocardial contraction and vasoconstriction.
#12
Which of the following is a potential complication of administering epinephrine during cardiac arrest?
Hypotension
ExplanationExcessive vasoconstriction can lead to decreased blood flow, resulting in low blood pressure.
#13
What is the primary goal of administering medications during advanced cardiovascular life support (ACLS)?
To restore normal sinus rhythm
ExplanationAchieving stable cardiac rhythm to support perfusion and prevent further deterioration.
#14
Which of the following is a potential side effect of administering atropine during emergency cardiovascular care?
Bradycardia
ExplanationOverdose or rapid administration can paradoxically slow heart rate.
#15
Which of the following is a potential adverse effect of administering nitroglycerin during a myocardial infarction?
Hypotension
ExplanationDilates blood vessels, leading to decreased preload and systemic blood pressure.
#16
What is the recommended dose of epinephrine during advanced cardiovascular life support (ACLS) for adults?
1 mg IV/IO every 3-5 minutes
ExplanationStandard dose to support circulation and restore cardiac function during resuscitation.