#1
Which of the following is a primary symptom of a heart attack?
Sudden chest pain or discomfort
ExplanationClassic symptom indicating potential heart attack.
#2
Which of the following is NOT a symptom of stroke?
Sudden chest pain or discomfort
ExplanationSymptom unrelated to stroke; indicates different conditions.
#3
What is the recommended ratio of chest compressions to rescue breaths in CPR for adults?
30 compressions to 2 breaths
ExplanationOptimal ratio for maintaining circulation and oxygenation.
#4
What does the term 'defibrillation' refer to in emergency cardiovascular care?
Using an electrical shock to restore the heart's normal rhythm
ExplanationMethod to reset the heart's electrical activity.
#5
Which of the following is a correct step when performing CPR on an adult?
Placing the hands on the lower half of the breastbone for compressions
ExplanationProper hand placement for effective chest compressions.
#6
What is the recommended depth of chest compressions for adults during CPR?
At least 2 inches (about 5 cm)
ExplanationDepth required to adequately compress the heart.
#7
During CPR, what is the purpose of tilting the head back and lifting the chin?
To clear the airway and allow for effective rescue breaths
ExplanationFacilitates air passage and oxygenation.
#8
Which of the following is a common cause of sudden cardiac arrest in young athletes?
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
ExplanationUnderlying cardiac condition predisposing to sudden collapse.
#9
When using an automated external defibrillator (AED), where should the pads be placed on a person's chest?
Both pads on the left side of the chest
ExplanationOptimal pad placement for effective shock delivery.
#10
In advanced cardiovascular life support (ACLS), what is the recommended initial medication for ventricular fibrillation or pulseless ventricular tachycardia?
Epinephrine
ExplanationFirst-line drug to stimulate heart function.
#11
Which rhythm is characterized by irregular, chaotic electrical activity in the heart and typically requires defibrillation?
Ventricular fibrillation
ExplanationLife-threatening rhythm requiring electrical intervention.
#12
What is the primary goal of advanced cardiovascular life support (ACLS) during cardiac arrest?
To restore and maintain effective circulation
ExplanationCritical for survival; ensures vital organ perfusion.
#13
Which medication is often used to treat stable ventricular tachycardia in an ACLS protocol?
Amiodarone
ExplanationEffective antiarrhythmic agent for stabilizing heart rhythm.
#14
What is the recommended dose of epinephrine for adults in cardiac arrest?
1 mg every 3-5 minutes
ExplanationDosing regimen to sustain cardiac function during resuscitation.
#15
Which rhythm is characterized by a flat line on the electrocardiogram (ECG) and represents the absence of electrical activity in the heart?
Asystole
ExplanationComplete absence of cardiac electrical activity; requires immediate intervention.
#16
What is the recommended dose of amiodarone for adults in cardiac arrest?
150-300 mg
ExplanationEffective dose range for stabilizing cardiac rhythm.