#1
Which of the following is a common symptom of acute coronary syndrome?
Chest pain or discomfort
ExplanationCommon presenting symptom due to myocardial ischemia.
#2
What is the recommended initial treatment for a patient with suspected acute coronary syndrome?
Giving aspirin
ExplanationAspirin reduces platelet aggregation, potentially limiting thrombus formation.
#3
What is the term for a sudden cessation of heart function?
Cardiac arrest
ExplanationHeart stops beating, requiring immediate intervention.
#4
Which medication is commonly administered to reduce blood clot formation in patients with acute coronary syndrome?
Clopidogrel
ExplanationInhibits platelet activation, reducing clot formation.
#5
What is the term for chest pain that occurs at rest and is associated with reversible myocardial ischemia?
Variant angina
ExplanationDue to coronary artery spasm rather than plaque rupture.
#6
Which enzyme is commonly measured in the blood to diagnose acute myocardial infarction?
Troponin
ExplanationHighly specific biomarker for myocardial cell injury.
#7
What is the recommended treatment for a patient experiencing ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI)?
Immediate percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)
ExplanationRapid intervention to restore coronary blood flow and limit infarct size.
#8
What does the term 'STEMI' stand for in the context of acute coronary syndrome?
ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction
ExplanationIndicates a specific type of heart attack with characteristic ECG changes.
#9
Which electrocardiogram (ECG) finding is characteristic of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI)?
ST-segment elevation
ExplanationSign of transmural myocardial ischemia.
#10
What is the primary goal of reperfusion therapy in acute myocardial infarction?
To restore coronary artery patency
ExplanationRe-establish blood flow to prevent myocardial damage.
#11
Which of the following is a risk factor for developing acute coronary syndrome?
High cholesterol level
ExplanationElevated cholesterol increases atherosclerotic plaque formation.
#12
What is the recommended action if a patient develops signs of cardiogenic shock during acute coronary syndrome?
Initiate vasopressor therapy
ExplanationRaises blood pressure, improves tissue perfusion.
#13
Which medication is commonly administered to patients with acute coronary syndrome to reduce myocardial oxygen demand and improve oxygen supply?
Nitrates
ExplanationDilates coronary arteries, reducing preload and afterload.
#14
What is the primary mechanism of action of aspirin in the management of acute coronary syndrome?
Inhibition of thromboxane A2 synthesis
ExplanationReduces platelet aggregation, preventing thrombus formation.
#15
Which of the following interventions is NOT typically performed in the initial management of acute coronary syndrome?
Initiating thrombolytic therapy
ExplanationRequires careful consideration due to potential bleeding risk.