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Electrolyte Imbalances and Acid-Base Disorders Quiz

#1

Which condition is characterized by an excess of sodium ions in the blood?

Hypernatremia
Explanation

Excess sodium in blood.

#2

Which acid-base imbalance is characterized by an excess of bicarbonate ions in the blood?

Metabolic alkalosis
Explanation

Excess bicarbonate in blood.

#3

Which acid-base imbalance is often caused by conditions such as diabetic ketoacidosis or renal failure?

Metabolic acidosis
Explanation

Caused by diabetes, renal failure.

#4

Which electrolyte imbalance is characterized by a serum calcium level below normal?

Hypocalcemia
Explanation

Low serum calcium.

#5

Which of the following is NOT a common cause of hyperkalemia?

Diarrhea
Explanation

Diarrhea is NOT a cause.

#6

Which electrolyte imbalance is commonly associated with muscle weakness and cardiac arrhythmias?

Hypomagnesemia
Explanation

Muscle weakness, arrhythmias.

#7

Which condition is characterized by low levels of both sodium and potassium ions in the blood?

Hyponatremia
Explanation

Low sodium and potassium in blood.

#8

Which electrolyte imbalance is commonly associated with prolonged vomiting or excessive use of diuretics?

Hypokalemia
Explanation

Vomiting, diuretics use.

#9

Which acid-base disorder is characterized by an increased respiratory rate leading to decreased carbon dioxide levels in the blood?

Respiratory alkalosis
Explanation

Decreased CO2 due to increased breathing.

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