#1
Which of the following is NOT a component of economic income?
Tax refunds
ExplanationTax refunds are not considered a component of economic income as they represent a return of previously paid taxes rather than a source of income.
#2
What is included in the calculation of gross domestic product (GDP)?
All of the above
ExplanationGross Domestic Product (GDP) includes the sum of consumption, investment, government spending, and net exports.
#3
What is the primary function of national income accounting?
To track the flow of income and expenditures in an economy
ExplanationNational income accounting is designed to monitor the flow of income and expenditures, providing insights into the economic health of a nation.
#4
Which of the following is NOT included in the calculation of national income?
Unemployment benefits
ExplanationUnemployment benefits are not considered part of national income calculations as they represent government transfers rather than earned income.
#5
Which of the following is considered a transfer payment?
Social Security benefits
ExplanationSocial Security benefits are classified as transfer payments, representing payments from the government to individuals without the exchange of goods or services.
#6
What is the formula to calculate disposable income?
Gross income minus taxes
ExplanationDisposable income is calculated by subtracting taxes from gross income, representing the income available for spending or saving.
#7
What is the primary purpose of calculating net national income (NNI)?
To measure the total income earned by citizens, businesses, and government, minus depreciation
ExplanationNet National Income (NNI) accounts for depreciation and provides a measure of the total income earned by residents, businesses, and the government.
#8
Which of the following is an example of a non-market transaction?
Providing childcare for a family member without payment
ExplanationNon-market transactions involve activities without a monetary exchange, such as providing services within a family without payment.
#9
Which of the following accurately represents the equation for calculating economic income?
Economic income = Gross income - Taxes
ExplanationEconomic income is calculated by subtracting taxes from gross income.
#10
Which component of economic income represents the change in the value of an asset over time?
Capital gains
ExplanationCapital gains in economic income reflect the increase in the value of assets over time.
#11
In national income accounting, what does the term 'depreciation' refer to?
The decrease in the worth of a country's assets over time
ExplanationDepreciation in national income accounting represents the decline in the value of a country's assets over time.
#12
Which of the following statements accurately describes the relationship between saving and investment in an economy?
Savings and investment are equal in a closed economy but may differ in an open economy.
ExplanationIn a closed economy, savings and investment are equal, but they may diverge in an open economy due to international trade.