#1
Which of the following is a characteristic of the expansion phase of the economic cycle?
Rising consumer confidence
ExplanationExpansion phase is marked by increasing consumer confidence.
#2
During a recession, consumers are more likely to:
Defer major purchases
ExplanationIn recession, consumers tend to postpone significant spending.
#3
Which of the following is NOT a factor that can influence consumer behavior?
Political climate
ExplanationPolitical climate typically doesn't directly affect consumer behavior.
#4
In the context of consumer behavior, what does the term 'perception' refer to?
How individuals interpret and make sense of their environment
ExplanationPerception in consumer behavior is about interpreting the environment.
#5
What is the term used to describe the tendency of consumers to purchase more of a good when its price falls?
Income effect
ExplanationIncome effect refers to increased purchasing with price drops.
#6
Which factor does NOT typically influence a consumer's decision-making process?
Political affiliations
ExplanationPolitical affiliations usually don't affect consumer decisions.
#7
What is the main function of the Federal Reserve during economic downturns?
Stabilize the economy
ExplanationFederal Reserve's role is to stabilize the economy during downturns.
#8
Which economic theory suggests that consumers will increase spending as their income rises?
Keynesian economics
ExplanationKeynesian economics proposes increased spending with rising income.
#9
Which theory of consumer behavior suggests that individuals seek to maximize their utility or satisfaction?
Rational choice theory
ExplanationRational choice theory states individuals aim to maximize utility.
#10
What is the primary focus of psychographic segmentation in marketing?
Personality, values, and lifestyle
ExplanationPsychographic segmentation focuses on personality, values, and lifestyle.
#11
What is the term for the process of dividing a market into distinct groups of buyers with different needs, characteristics, or behaviors?
Market segmentation
ExplanationMarket segmentation divides buyers based on various needs and behaviors.
#12
Which type of buying decision involves extensive research and evaluation of alternatives?
Extensive decision making
ExplanationExtensive decision making entails thorough research and evaluation.
#13
What is a characteristic of the peak phase of the business cycle?
Maximum GDP growth
ExplanationPeak phase features highest GDP growth rate.
#14
Which type of consumer buying behavior involves low involvement and few differences between brands?
Habitual buying behavior
ExplanationHabitual buying involves low involvement and little brand differentiation.
#15
What is the term for the process of evaluating products and services based on their perceived benefits versus their costs?
Consumer value analysis
ExplanationConsumer value analysis compares perceived benefits to costs.
#16
Which type of buying decision involves little thought or consideration and is often made out of habit?
Habitual buying behavior
ExplanationHabitual buying requires minimal thought, often habitual.
#17
Which type of buying decision involves significant differences between brands and a high level of involvement from the consumer?
Complex buying behavior
ExplanationComplex buying involves extensive brand differentiation and high involvement.